Metabolite profiling of maize grain: differentiation due to genetics and environment |
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Authors: | Richard M Röhlig Joachim Eder Karl-Heinz Engel |
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Institution: | 1. Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universit?t München, Am Forum 2, D-85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany 2. Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Am Gereuth 8, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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Abstract: | A comparative metabolite profiling approach based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was applied to investigate
the impact of genetic background, growing location and season on the chemical composition of maize grain. The metabolite profiling
protocol involved sub-fractionation of the metabolites and allowed the assessment of about 300 distinct analytes from different
chemical classes (polar to lipophilic), of which 167 could be identified. A comparison, over three consecutive growing seasons,
of the metabolite profiles of four maize cultivars which differed in their maturity classification, was carried out using
principal component analysis (PCA). This revealed a strong separation of one cultivar in the first growing season, which could
be explained by the immaturity of the kernels of this cultivar compared with others in the field trial. Further evaluations
by pair-wise comparison using Student’s t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the growing season was the most prominent impact factor driving variation
of the metabolite pool. An increased understanding of metabolic variation was achieved by analysis of a second sample set
comprising one cultivar grown for 3 years at four locations. The applied GC/MS-based metabolite profiling demonstrated the
natural variation in maize grain metabolite pools resulting from the interplay of environment, season, and genotype. |
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