DNA extractions from deep subseafloor sediments: novel cryogenic-mill-based procedure and comparison to existing protocols |
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Authors: | Alain Karine Callac Nolwenn Ciobanu Maria-Cristina Reynaud Yann Duthoit Frédérique Jebbar Mohamed |
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Institution: | CNRS, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) - UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LMEE), Place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzané, France Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO, UEB), IUEM - UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LMEE), Place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzané, France Ifremer, UMR6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LMEE), Technopôle Pointe du diable, F-29280 Plouzané, France |
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Abstract: | Extracting DNA from deep subsurface sediments is challenging given the complexity of sediments types, low biomasses, resting structures (spores, cysts) frequently encountered in deep sediments, and the potential presence of enzymatic inhibitors. Promising results for cell lysis efficiency were recently obtained by use of a cryogenic mill (Lipp et al., 2008). These findings encouraged us to devise a DNA extraction protocol using this tool. Thirteen procedures involving a combination of grinding in liquid nitrogen (for various durations and beating rates) with different chemical solutions (phenol, chloroform, SDS, sarkosyl, proteinase, GTC), or with use of DNA recovery kits (MagExtractor®) were compared. Effective DNA extraction was evaluated in terms of cell lysis efficiency, DNA extraction efficiency, DNA yield and determination of prokaryotic diversity. Results were compared to those obtained by standard protocols: the FastDNA®SPIN kit for soil and the Zhou protocol. For most sediment types grinding in a cryogenic mill at a low beating rate in combination with direct phenol-chloroform extraction resulted in much higher DNA yields than those obtained using classical procedures. In general (except for clay-rich sediments), this procedure provided high-quality crude extracts for direct downstream nested-PCR, from cell numbers as low as 1.1 × 106 cells/cm3. This procedure is simple, rapid, low-cost, and could be used with minor modifications for large-scale DNA extractions for a variety of experimental goals. |
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Keywords: | Sediment DNA extraction Deep subsurface biosphere |
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