Anaerobic contribution to the time to exhaustion at the minimal exercise intensity at which maximal oxygen uptake occurs in elite cyclists, kayakists and swimmers |
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Authors: | M Faina V Billat R Squadrone M De Angelis J P Koralsztein and A Dal Monte |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Sport Science, Italian National Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy, IT;(2) Laboratoire S.T.A.P.S., University Paris XII, 61 av. Géneral de Gaulle, F-94010 Créteil, France, FR;(3) Centre de Medecine du Sport, C.C.A.S., 2 av. Richerand, F-75010 Paris, France, FR;(4) Department of Physiology and Biomechanics, Institute of Sport Science, Via dei Campi Sportivi 46, I-00195 Rome, Italy, IT |
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Abstract: | Using 23 elite male athletes (8 cyclists, 7 kayakists, and 8 swimmers), the contribution of the anaerobic energy system to
the time to exhaustion (t
lim) at the minimal exercise intensity (speed or power) at which maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2
max) occurs (I
V˙O2
max) was assessed by analysing the relationship between the t
lim and the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD). After 10-min warming up at 60% of V˙O2
max, the exercise intensity was increased so that each subject reached his I
V˙O2max
in 30 s and then continued at that level until he was exhausted. Pre-tests included a continuous incremental test with 2 min
steps for determining the I
V˙O2max
and a series of 5-min submaximal intensities to collect the data that would allow the estimation of the energy expenditure
at I
V˙O2max
. The AOD for the t
lim exercise was calculated as the difference between the above estimation and the accumulated oxygen uptake. The mean percentage
value of energy expenditure covered by anaerobic metabolism was 15.2 (SD 6)%, range 8.9–24.1] with significant differences
between swimmers and kayakists (16.8% vs 11.5%, P≤0.05) and cyclists and kayakists (16.4% vs 11.5%, P≤0.05). Absolute AOD values ranged from 26.4 ml · kg−1 to 83.6 ml · kg−1 with a mean value of 45.9 (SD 18) ml · kg−1. Considering all the subjects, the t
lim was found to have a positive and significant correlation with AOD (r = 0.62, P≤0.05), and a negative and significant correlation with V˙O2
max (r = −0.46, P≤0.05). The data would suggest that the contribution of anaerobic processes during exercise performed at I
V˙O2max
should not be ignored when t
lim is used as a supplementary parameter to evaluate specific adaptation of athletes.
Accepted: 17 December 1996 |
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Keywords: | Exercise time to exhaustion Maximal oxygen uptake Accumulated oxygen deficit Percentage anaerobic metabolism Energy demand |
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