Urgency,development stage and coordination degree analysis to support differentiation management of water pollution emission control and economic development in the eastern coastal area of China |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China;3. Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States;1. Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;2. Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310037, PR China;1. Department of General Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;3. University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;1. MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, S-C Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;2. Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Sask. S4S 7H9, Canada;3. Environmental Systems Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Sask. S4S 0A2, Canada;4. Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada;1. Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China;2. Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China |
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| Abstract: | The eastern coastal areas of China have high-density population, developed society and economy, and large water pollution emissions. How to reduce water pollution and realize the coordinated development of the economy and environment has become the national focus. Effective environmental policies should consider regional differences in development stage and sustainability performance. Here, we first analyzed the water pollution emissions intensity of the eastern coastal areas of China and the urgency of emissions reduction using 8-year environmental statistics from 2003 to 2010. We characterized development stages of the eastern coastal areas based on the relationships between water pollution emissions intensity and economic development. Further, we built a coordination degree index of economic development and water environment protection as a measure of sustainability. Results show that water pollution emissions intensity decreases as the economy grows from 2003 to 2010. The less-developed regions have a better coordination degree than some more-developed regions, especially those most-developed ones (e.g., Shanghai show more pressures on long-term sustainability than Hebei). The less-developed regions should take advantage of economic growth to invest more advanced environment protection technologies. The more-developed regions need to upgrade its economic structures and municipal infrastructures. Overall, the study provided a comprehensive approach to understand regional difference in development stage and sustainability performance in the eastern coastal region of China as well as the need of different environmental policies to reduce water pollution emissions. |
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| Keywords: | Coastal China Water pollution emissions intensity Urgency degree Development stages Coordination degree index Differentiation management |
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