Effects of urbanization on stream benthic invertebrate communities in Central Amazon |
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| Institution: | 1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, CP 478, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil;2. Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Rua Vera Paz s/n, Salé, CEP 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, CEP 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil;4. Programa Geopolítica da Conservação, Fundação Vitória Amazônica, Rua Estrela D’Alva 146, Aleixo, CEP 69060-093, Manaus, AM, Brazil;1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentos, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CP 486 CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Av. Sete de Setembro, 1621, CEP 99709-910 Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, CEP 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geografia, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;5. Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, 97331-4501 Corvallis, OR, USA;6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, National Health & Environmental Effects Lab., Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, 97333 Corvallis, OR, USA;1. Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 31062 Toulouse, France;2. CNRS, EcoLab (UMR-CNRS 5245), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France;3. Hydreco, Laboratoire Environnement Petit-Saut, BP 823, 97388 Kourou Cedex, Guyane, France;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação-LABECO, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1 Bairro Guamá, CEP 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Faculdade de Ciência Agrárias, Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso CEP 78690-000, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação – LABECO, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1 Bairro Guamá, CEP 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Florestas Tropicais, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1 Bairro Guamá, CEP 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará/Embrapa Oriental, Caixa Postal 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correia, N° 1 Bairro Guamá, CEP 66.075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Avenida Mendonça Furtado, N° 2946, Bairro Fátima, CEP, 68040-470 Santarém, Pará, Brazil;1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Campus de Pesquisa, Av. Perimetral, 1901 – Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830 Belém, Pará, Brazil;4. CNRS, UMR 5023, LEHNA (Laboratoire d''Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés), Biodiversité et Plasticité dans les Hydrosystèmes, Université Claude Bernard (Lyon I), Villeurbanne, Rhône, France |
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| Abstract: | Urbanization and its physical and chemical effects on aquatic environments influence invertebrate communities negatively. Yet, it is not clear how urbanization affects inter-annual variation of invertebrate assemblages in streams. We 1) evaluated urbanization effects on the ecological conditions (biotic and abiotic) of streams in Manaus and 2) analyzed invertebrate community variation over time (between 2003 and 2010). Data on abiotic variables and invertebrates from 2003 were obtained from a previous study. In 2010 we sampled abiotic variables and invertebrate communities in the same low-order urban streams sampled in 2003 (n = 40). We recorded high values of total nitrogen, total phosphorous, deforestation, total impervious area (TIA), water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity in the most urbanized streams, as compared to the least-impacted ones. In contrast, the least-impacted streams had high dissolved oxygen concentrations. Water quality was poorer in 2010 than in 2003: oxygen concentration was lower and total nitrogen, total phosphorous, deforestation, and TIA significantly higher in 2010. We recorded higher inter-annual variation of abiotic variables in the most-impacted streams as compared to the least-impacted streams. EPT (%, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) and richness metrics decreased with urbanization. On the other hand, % OP (percent of Oligochaeta and Psychodidae) increased with urbanization. Observed and EPT richness and% OP increased between 2003 and 2010. On the other hand, rarefied richness decreased between years. Increases of observed and EPT richness between 2003 and 2010 were related to low inter-annual variability in streams conditions; however, differences of% OP and rarefied richness were not related to inter-annual variability in environmental conditions. The degree of urbanization did not explain the magnitude of the within-stream difference of invertebrate communities between 2003 and 2010. The increased effects of urbanization represented by the abiotic variables sampled and the reduction of invertebrate richness and increased dominance of tolerant taxa indicate that public policy is not enough to protect or mitigate human impacts on the urban water systems under study. |
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| Keywords: | Abiotic variables Aquatic insects Interannual variation Urbanization |
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