Spatial covariance between ecosystem services and biodiversity pattern at a national scale (France) |
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| Institution: | 1. INRA, UMR 1048 SADAPT, F-75231 Paris, France;2. AgroParisTech, UMR 1048 SADAPT, F-75231 Paris, France;3. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;4. Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d''Oiseaux, UMR 7204 Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, CP 51, Muséum National d''Histoire Naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France;5. Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;6. Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland;1. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States;2. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States;1. Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 298 Life Science Building, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA;2. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;1. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;2. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;3. Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia;1. Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;2. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;3. Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;4. Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | We present at a national-scale estimates of spatial covariance between areas important for ecosystem services (ES) and biodiversity, at a fixed spatial scale in France. We calculated different diversity and community metrics for common bird communities: taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), community specialization index (CSI), trophic index (TI), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and community evolutionary distinctiveness (CED). The ES multifunctionality (ESMF) was measured using a combination of ES evenness and overall ES estimator. Spatially explicit tests were used to compare the spatial patterns of ES and diversity metrics. Mixed models were used for comparisons.We found low spatial congruence between ES and both diversity and community metrics in France. However, we detected even opposite associations between ES and each biodiversity component. Crop production was negatively associated with CED, it was positively correlated with CSI. No positive associations were found between ESMF and any diversity metric, independently of farming systems. The only significant association was negative: lower values of CED were associated with hotspots of ESMF. We found also a negative effect of crop production on bird CED. The conservation implication is remarkable, because conservation policies focusing solely on the economic value of ES will fail to protect overall biodiversity. |
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| Keywords: | Bird community Evolutionary distinctiveness Ecosystem services Functional diversity Multifunctionality Taxonomic diversity Spatial mismatch |
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