Effects of in situ phosphorus enrichment on the benthos in a subalpine karst stream and implications for bioassessment in nature reserves |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA;2. Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve Bureau of Administration, Sichuan, China;3. International Joint Commission, Great Lakes Regional Office, Detroit, MI, USA;4. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA;5. College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China;6. Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, College of Geosciences, China Petroleum University, Beijing, 102249, China;2. UNBC, University of North British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada;3. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;4. Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, 120, 2 Research Drive, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 7H9, Canada;5. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;6. School of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China;1. Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil;2. Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Coastal Campus, Pça Infante Dom Henrique s/n°, P.O. Box 73601, 11380-972, São Vicente, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia;1. Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy;2. Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy;1. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Núcleo de Estudos do Mar, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Geociências, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;1. Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland;2. Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland;3. Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland;4. Natural Resources Institute Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Park managers in nature reserves need scientifically defensible and operationally feasible ecological indicators to better manage protected areas for both nature conservation and tourism. Such needs are much more urgent in karst aquatic ecosystems where spectacular natural scenic wonders attract millions of visitors to natural areas with streams and lakes that are particularly vulnerable to nutrient pollution. To identify a set of biotic indicators of phosphorus (P) pollution in a karst stream, we conducted an in situ P enrichment experiment in a nearly pristine karst stream located at a UNESCO world heritage site in China. Our results show that both benthic algal assemblages and macroinvertebrates were sensitive to P enrichment. Changes in diatoms (e.g., Achnanthidium minutissimum, Delicata delicatula) and macroinvertebrates (e.g., collectors) were indicative of P enrichment. The color change of travertine bryophyte beds from creamy white to green was largely due to increase in filamentous green algae such as Zygnema sp., which may provide a visual cue for P enrichment and pollution. Our findings, in conjunction with further studies that directly link these indicators with human disturbance (e.g., tourist activities) throughout the park, could improve the operation of park managers in minimizing tourist-induced nutrient pollution and in operationalizing these indicators in the current environmental monitoring and assessment program. |
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| Keywords: | Bioassessment Nature reserve Karst Indicator species |
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