Urbanization effects on different biological organization levels of an estuarine polychaete tolerant to pollution |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Núcleo de Estudos do Mar, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Bioquímica, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Geociências, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil;2. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil;3. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil;1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, College of Geosciences, China Petroleum University, Beijing, 102249, China;2. UNBC, University of North British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada;3. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;4. Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, 120, 2 Research Drive, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 7H9, Canada;5. Beijing Engineering Research Center for Watershed Environmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;6. School of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China;1. Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Ave André Araújo 2936, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil;2. Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Coastal Campus, Pça Infante Dom Henrique s/n°, P.O. Box 73601, 11380-972, São Vicente, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia;1. Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy;2. Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Italy;1. Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland;2. Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland;3. Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland;4. Natural Resources Institute Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Estuarine species exposed to diffuse contaminants might trigger either positive or negative feedbacks in many biological scales. Their life history traits performing at different biological organization levels could propose an organism as a useful indicator of environmental pollution, mainly addressed as sensitive or tolerant species. To track the effects of contaminants from the molecular to the population level of the polychaete Laeonereis acuta we utilize a framework of biomarkers. For this purpose we assessed the L. acuta frequency of micronuclei at the molecular level, the body size and biomass at individual level, and the production-to-biomass ratio at population level in five urbanized and five non-urbanized estuaries in southern Brazil. L. acuta had significantly varying positive and negative feedbacks between urbanized and non-urbanized estuaries at multiple biological scales. These generalized effects in all biological organization scales indicate a pollution impact on the polychaete. The main responses accounted for individuals becoming lengthy and weighty, but with molecular damage. The L. acuta allocation of energy to body enlargement in polluted environments, and a consequent reduced population turnover, contradicts the expected from an opportunist species. The damages in DNA and the internal strategies of individuals, as antioxidant defense mechanisms, could favor resistance of the population and tolerance to pollutants. All of these characteristics induce bioaccumulation and could cause bottom-up pollution transfer compromising the estuarine food web. These results, ascertain that L. acuta could be considered as a tolerant species, instead of an opportunistic, and as a useful indicator of environmental pollution in estuaries. |
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| Keywords: | Bioindicator Biomarker Body size Estuarine pollution Micronuclei Turnover ratio |
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