Economic values and dominant providers of key ecosystem services of wetlands in Beijing,China |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;1. Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, Berlin 12557, Germany;2. Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;3. School of Architecture, Birmingham City University, The Parkside Building, 5 Cardigan Street, Birmingham B4-7BD, UK;1. Aarhus University, Foulum, Department of Agroecology, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark;2. Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;1. Leibniz-Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working Group ‘Governance of Ecosystem Services’, Research Area 2 ‘Land Use and Governance’, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany;2. University for Sustainable Development Eberswalde (HNEE), Department of Sustainable Forest Resource Economics, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany;1. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), GPO Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal;2. CSUWN, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal;3. Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Singha Darbar, Kathmandu, Nepal;4. ECORES Lab, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;5. Macquarie University, Department of Geography and Planning, Australia;1. Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel Haifa 3498838, Israel;2. Kerala State Pollution Control Board, Head Office, Pattom P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India;3. Department of Commerce, St. Xavier’s College, Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram, India |
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| Abstract: | This study estimates the economic values of and the dominant contributors to five key ecosystem services of wetlands in Beijing, by using the wetland inventory data in 2014 and economic valuation methods. Results indicate that the 51,434 ha of wetlands in Beijing annually provide 2.07 billion m3 of flood regulation, 944.01 million m3 of water provision, 42,154 tons of chemical oxygen demand (COD) purification, 3.03 PJ of heat absorption, and 9587 ha of habitat. Their economic values are estimated to be 15.89 billion RMB, 1.19 billion RMB, 169 million RMB, 421 million RMB, and 1.08 billion RMB in 2014 (RMB: Chinese currency, US$1 = RMB 6.14), respectively. The total values of five key wetland ecosystem services reach 18.76 billion RMB. In addition, the reservoir and river wetlands in Miyun, Yanqing, Fangshan, Huairou, and Mentougou Districts contribute 78% of key ecosystem services, whereas the urban wetlands in Xicheng, Dongcheng, Haidian, Chaoyang, and Tongzhou Districts more conveniently serve densely local people, hence they should be given particular attentions. In this paper, we develop the valuation methods of wetland ecosystem services, and recommend diversified strategies, regulations, and programs to protect the remaining wetlands in Beijing. This work can also provide a reference for the valuating of wetland ecosystem services for other urban-rural areas. |
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| Keywords: | Wetland Ecosystem service Economic value Dominant contributor Beijing |
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