Island urbanization and its ecological consequences: A case study in the Zhoushan Island,East China |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK;2. School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK;1. Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico;2. Unidad Académica Procesos Oceánicos y Costeros, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico;3. Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Calz. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82040 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico;4. Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;5. Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland;6. Centre de Recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université du Québec à Montréal, 201 Avenue Président-Kennedy, Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada;7. Département des sciences de la Terre et de l''atmosphère, Université du Québec à Montréal, 201 Avenue Président-Kennedy, Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada;8. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico;9. Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, AP5 Ciudad Nuclear, CP 59350 Cienfuegos, Cuba;1. School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China;2. Polytechnic Center for Land Spatial Big-data, MNR of China, Beijing 100036, China;3. Center for Applied Geographic Information Science, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;4. Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA |
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| Abstract: | Islands, which provide multiple ecosystem services, are subject to increasing urbanization pressure due to the ongoing marine development, especially in developing countries. Insights into the island urbanization mechanism and its ecological consequences are essential to sustainable development. In the present paper, the satellite images, nighttime lights, and topographic data were integrated to characterize the spatially explicit urbanization process and mechanism during 1995–2011 in the Zhoushan Island, East China. Furthermore, the corresponding spatially explicit changes in ecosystem services, including net primary productivity (NPP), carbon sequestration and oxygen production (CSOP), nutrient cycling, crop production, and habitat quality, were quantified based on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) models. The results showed that the Zhoushan Island had experienced a rapid urbanization over the years, with significant urban encroachment on the farmland and tidal flat. Moreover, the urban land expansion was positively correlated with that of the nighttime lights and negatively correlated with the elevation, slope, and the distance to shoreline. These indicated that the urban expansion was resulted from the enhancement of socioeconomic activities, and concentrated in the near-shore areas with low altitude and gentle slope. The urban encroachment on other land use types resulted in a decrease of 3.4 Gg C a?1 NPP, 8.7 Gg a?1 CSOP, 13.2 Gg a?1 nutrient cycling, and 12.3 t a?1 crop production, respectively. In addition, the habitat quality in 11% area of this island degraded substantially. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development of islands, it is urgent to implement more stringent policies, such as island spatial regulation, environmental impact assessment, intensive land use, and urban greening, etc. |
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| Keywords: | Island urbanization Land use change DMSP/OLS nighttime lights Geographically weighted regression Ecosystem service Island management |
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