荔枝雄花性别决定过程中细胞超微结构的变化

荔枝雄花雌蕊原基在大孢子母细胞减数分裂后开始衰退.内质网历经增生扩展,穿壁相连,同心缠绕,多条平行弯曲,不规则堆叠.内质网和高尔基体产生许多囊泡,囊泡在细胞内含物的降解和运输过程中起着重要的作用.线粒体在雌蕊原基细胞衰败的前、中期数量增加,后期分批降解.过氧化物酶体在雌蕊原基细胞衰败的中期紧挨核短暂出现.细胞核的染色质凝集断裂;核周腔扩大,形成胀泡;染色质趋边,外泄.细胞原生质表现出有序的、在膜包裹下的降解,首先是核糖体,而后依次是:过氧化物酶体、内质网、高尔基体、线粒体、核.雌蕊原基的衰败历程可能是一种程序性细胞死亡的过程.

Changes in Cell Ultrastructure During Sexual Determination of Litchi Staminate Flower

The ultrastructural changes of meristematic cell during the degeneration of gynoecium primordium leading to the formation of staminate flower of litchi were followed. Degradation of the cells and transport of the dissolved cytoplasmic components were well ordered. Configurations of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) changed significantly. ER played an important role in degenerative processes of gynoecium primordiuml cells. The degenerative processes started with the appearance of long RER cisternae throughout the cytoplasm. Some long RER cut or enclosed the cytoplasm. Some RER connected nucleus and mitochondria of adjacent cells, formed a ridge-like connection. Later the RER formed concentric patterns and then became irregular stacks. RER and golgiosome produced many vesicles, which were importance to protoplasmic degradation and intercellular transport of the cellular debris. The number of mitochondria increased up to the time when they began to degrade in batches. Peroxisomes appeared temporarily at the middle stage near the nucleus. The nucleolus disintegrated at the beginning of degeneration of nucleus. Then fragments of chromatin aggregated at the periphery of nuclear membrane and diffused outward. In some nuclei the perinuclear membrane became dilated and puffs were formed. As cell degeneration progressed, the protoplasm disintegrated and dissipated in an orderly fashion, i.e. ribosomes became disorganized first, followed by peroxisomes, ER, golgiosoms, mitochondria and nucleus. Eventually, gynoecium primordium cells digested all of the cytoplasm, leaving only cell wall with high electron density. Most of the products of degeneration of gynoecium primordium cells were removed through either symplastic or apoplastic pathways. Programmed cell death (PCD) may be involved in the degeneration of meristematic cells at the gynoecium primodium.