转反义Wx基因水稻颖果中与淀粉合成和积累相关酶活性的变化

将反义Wx基因转入水稻，导致Wx蛋白不同程度减少，颖果中的直链淀粉含量不同程度下降，总淀粉含量显著降低，直链淀粉与总淀粉的比值极显著降低。在水稻颖果发育过程中，ADPG-PPase、GBSS、SSS和SBE的活性在灌浆前期迅速升高，达最大值后很快下降，在灌浆中后期下降趋缓。Wx蛋白减少后的转基因水稻颖果中的GBSS活性明显下降，下降幅度与直链淀粉含量相一致，而且活性高峰期比其亲本有所提前。转基因水稻颖果中ADPG-PPase和SSS的活性在颖果发育的前中期，SBE则在中后期高于相应的亲本。

Changes in the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis and Accumulation in Caryopsis of Transgenic Rice with Antisense Wx Gene

The amylose content of rice caryopsis is determined by Wx protein, one kind of granule-bound starch synthetase which is encoded by Wx gene. Different rice types and species have different levels of Wx gene expression and have different amylose contents in their caryopsis. Wuyunjing No.7 (2200), the japonica rice with an amylose content 17% and its transgenic rice lines with antisense Wx gene (2201 and 2203, with amylose contents 8.5% and 2% respectively), and Longtefu (LP03), the indica rice with a high amylose content (28%) and its transgenic rice with antisense Wx gene (A199, with an amylose content 9%) were used to investigate the effects of Wx protein content decrease on the activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis and thereby starch accumulation. The results indicated that with the decrease in Wx protein, the amylose content in transgenic caryopsis was reduced accordingly, whereas the amylopectin content per caryopsis (mg/grain) was not affected, and made the total starch content in transgenic caryopsis markedly lower than their parents. With the development of caryopsis, the amylose/total starch ratio was not changed significantly in the two parent caryopses, LP03 and 2200, but it went down gradually in their transgenic caryopses. The amylose/total starch ratio in transgenic caryopses was very significantly lower than their parents in the same period. The activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) rose rapidly in early periods of grain filling, and soon reached their maximum, then reduced quickly until the middle and later periods of grain filling. Compared with the parents, the GBSS activity in transgenic caryopsis was significantly lowered, and correlated with the amylose reduction. Besides, the maximum activity of GBSS appeared earlier, and the range of the activity was smaller. In transgenic caryopsis, the activities of ADPG-PPase and SSS were higher than their parents in early and middle periods of grain filling, while the SBE activity was higher than their parents in middle and late periods.