葡萄贮藏过程中落粒与离区酶活性变化及植物生长调节物质的关系

研究了无核白葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)采后贮藏过程中离区纤维素酶、果胶酯酶(Pectinesterase,PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)、脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase，POD)活性的变化与落粒的关系及植物生长调节物质对其的影响。结果表明，葡萄在贮藏过程中，伴随浆果落粒的增加，离区纤维素酶、PG、LOX、POD活性升高，PE活性下降。离区纤维素酶、PG、LOX等酶的活性与葡萄落粒程度之间呈显著正相关。外源ABA和CEPA处理能增强离区纤维素酶、PG、LOX活性，促进落粒；GA3，IAA处理则能抑制离区纤维素酶、PG、LOX活性，减轻落粒。ABA对落粒的促进效应及GA3对纤维素酶活性和落粒的抑制效应尤为明显，表明GA3与ABA比值在葡萄采后落粒过程中起重要的作用。

The Relation of Grape Berry Abscission to Changes of Enzyme Activity in Abscission Zone and Plant Growth Regulators During Storage

Grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Wuhebai) was used to investigate the changes in enzyme activity in abscission zone and relation to abscission of berry, and the effects of plant growth regulators on those during storage. It was shown that cellulase, polygalacturonase(PG), lipoxygenase (LOX) and peroxidase (POD) activity in abscission zone increased and PE activity decreased with the increase in abscission of grape berries (Figs.1, 4A, 5A, 5B). Cellulase, PG and LOX activity in abscission zone were significantly positive correlated with the degree of berry abscission. Postharvest berry abscission and cellulase, PG and LOX activity in abscission zone were promoted by preharvest treatments with ABA or CEPA, and inhibited by GA 3 or IAA ( Figs.3, 4B; Tables 1, 2 ). The inhibiting effect of GA 3 on cellulase, PG and LOX activity and berry drop and the promoting effect of ABA on berry abscission were particularly pronounced. The results suggest that the GA 3/ABA ratio (Fig.6A, B) plays an important role in the postharvest abscission of berry in storage of grape fruit.