Comparative morphometry of precompacted bovine embryos produced in vivo or in vitro after parthenogenetic activation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): ultrastructural analysis

Early bovine precompacted embryos (1 to 8 blastomeres) were analysed by electron microscopy. The volume density of cellular components was determined by morphometric analysis to quantify the ultrastructure of early bovine embryos produced either in vivo or in vitro both after fertilisation by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or from electrically stimulated oocytes (AC/DC). In normal embryos obtained in vivo (control), most of the cellular volume was occupied by cytoplasm (82.93%). The relative volume of lipids, vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and inclusion bodies was minimal. In the group of embryos after parthenogenetic activation (AC/DC) a relatively high proportion of the volume was occupied by vacuoles and lipids (18.68% vs 14.33%). Early ICSI-derived embryos contained the lowest relative volume of cytoplasm (58.33%) compared with the control embryos (in vivo) and parthenogenetically AC/DC-activated embryos and a higher volume was occupied by lipids (13.25%) and vacuoles (12.92%). It is concluded that in vitro produced embryos have a significantly altered ultrastructure, indicating extensive cellular damage.