脑胶质瘤神经干细胞治疗研究进展

脑胶质瘤是神经外科最常见的恶性肿瘤, 发病率约占全身肿瘤的5％,占儿童肿瘤的70％，且呈逐年上升的趋势。脑胶质瘤恶性程度高，生长迅速，５ 年生存率很低，其中高级别胶质瘤具有极强的侵袭能力，目前尚缺乏很有效的根治方法。手术切除肿瘤的难度很大，术后极易复发，预后比较差，对人类健康乃至生命的危害极大。随着分子生物学的发展以及相关生物技术的应用,从基因水平揭示脑胶质瘤的发生发展机制，并寻求有效的基因治疗方法成为人类研究肿瘤治疗新的研究方向。Reynolds 和Richards等先后从成年小鼠的纹状体中分离出能够不断增殖且具有多向分化潜能的细胞群，并提出了神经干细胞（neural stem cell, NSC）的概念。NSC具有高度增殖和自我更新的能力，且有迁移功能以及与正常脑组织良好融合的特性，这为基因治疗胶质瘤提供了良好的基础。

Recent Advance of Neural Stem Cells for Treating Glioma

Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of neurosurgery, which morbidity accounting for 5% of systemic cancer, accounting for 70% of the tumors of children, and showed an increasing trend. High degree of malignant glioma grows rapidly, which has a very strong invasion of glioma.The 5-year survival rate is very low, because it is lack of effective cure. It is very difficult to deal the tumor with surgical resection and very vulnerable to relapse after a relatively poor prognosis, which have done great harm to human health and even life. With the development of molecular biology and biotechnology applications, it has become a new research direction of human cancer treatment to reveal the occurrence of glioma development mechanism and seek effective methods for gene therapy at the gene level. Reynolds and Richards have isolated cell populations from adult mouse striatum which can keep proliferating possessed with multiple differentiation potential and put forward concept of neural stem cells （neural stem cell, NSC）. NSC have highly proliferation and self-renewal capacity and migration functions as well as the characteristics of a good fusion with normal brain tissue, which provides a good foundation for gene therapy for glioma.