血液病患者院内感染危险因素分析与对策

目的：探讨血液病患者院内感染危险因素，为制定控制措施提供理论依据。方法：回顾性调查我院血液科2009年3月．2011年3月间685例血液病患者发生院内感染的情况，并对引起院内感染的危险因素进行分析。结果：685例患者中有91例发生院内感染，感染部位以呼吸系统、皮肤和口腔为主。分离病原菌88株，革兰阴性杆菌53株（60．22％），革兰阳性菌28株（31．81％），真菌7株（7．95％）。白细胞下降、化疗、激素和广谱抗生素的使用是院内感染的主要因素。结论：为减少医院感染发生率，必须对白细胞〈2×10^9／L的病人进行保护性隔离，并合理使用抗生素治疗感染性疾病。

Analysis and Countermeasures of Nosocomial Infection of Patients with Hematologic Diseases

Objective： In order to provide the basis for formulating control measures, we explored the dangerous factors of hemopathy patients who fell in nosocomial infection. Method： We retrospectively investigated the incidence of nosocomial infection of 685 hemopathy patients in our hospital from March, 2009 to March, 2011, and analyzed the cause of nosocomial infection risk factors. Results： 91 cases of the 685 patients got nosocomial infection primarily in the respiratory system, skin and oral, including separated pathogen 88 strains, three gram-negative bacilli strains （60.22%）, twenty gram-positive strains （31.81%） and seven fungal strains （7.95%）. The decline of leucocyte, chemotherapy, hormone and the use of spectrum antibiotic were the main factors of nosocomial infection. Conclusion： We must take protective isolation to the patients with leucocyte quantity 〈 2 × 10^9 and reasonablely use antibiotic to treat infectious diseases to reduce the incidence ofnosocomial infection.