筛动脉及其分支、筛孔的显微解剖学研究

目的：从显微解剖学角度探讨筛动脉及其分支起源和走行。方法：采用固定和灌注过的成人头部标本25具50侧。显微镜下解剖筛动脉及其分支的起源和走行。观察并测量筛孔数目iDacryon点与筛前孔（DA）、筛中孔（DM）、筛后孔（DP）、视神经管眶口（DO）的距离，筛前后孔之间的距离（AP），筛后孔与视神经管眶口之间的距离（PO），对所得数据作统计分析。结果：筛前动脉主要起自04段，有36支（72．00％），眶内段长（5．16±1．24）mm，管径为（0．56±0．17）mm；筛后动脉主要起自02段，有26支（56．52％），眶内段长（9．08±2．29）mm，管径为（0．37±0．14）mm。筛孔数目以双孔最多（占54侧），其次为三孔（占40侧），单孔和四孔各占3侧。DA：（17．28±2．24）mm；DM：（25．46±2．74）mm；DP：（30．48±2．27）mm；DO：（36．26±2．32）mm；AP：（13．20±2．19）mm；PO：（5．78±2．17）mm。结论：获得了筛动脉及其分支起源和走行的显微解剖学数据，为影像诊断和神经外科、眼科等手术方案的制定以及介入治疗提供了解剖学依据。

Microanatomy Study on Ethmoidal Artery and Its Branch and Ethmoidal Foramen

Objective： To obtain microanatomy data of ethmoidal artery and its branch and ethmoidal foramen. Methods： 25 formalin-fixed specimens of adult head were perfused and fixed. The ethmoidal artery and its branches were dissected and measured under microscope, especially for their origin and course. The following data were observed and measured, including of the number and size of the ethmoidal foramen, the distances between Dacryon point and anterior ethmoidal foramen （DA）, between Dacryon point and middle ethmoidal foramen （DM）, between Dacryon point and posterior ethmoidal foramen （DP）, between anterior and posterior foramen（AP）, between Dacryon point and orbital outlet of optic nerve （DO）, between posterior foramen and orbital outlet of optic nerve （PO）. Results： The length of the intro-orbital segment of the anterior ethmoidal artery was （5.16±1.24） mm, and its diameter was （0.56± 0.17） mm. The length of the intraorbital segment of the posterior ethmoidal artery was （9.08± 2.29） mm, with diameter （0.37± 0.14） mm. The number of the ethmoidal foramen： it can be single, double, triple, quadruple. The double foramen takes the first place, was 54.00%; the triple one takes the second, up to 40.00%; the single and quadruple one take the last, up to 3.00% respectively. The distance between Dacryon point and the cribriform foramina was： DA： （17.28± 2.24） mm; DM： （25.46± 2.74） mm; DP： （30.48± 2.27） mm; DO： （36.26± 2.32） mm; AP： （13.20± 2.19） mm; PO： （5.78± 2.17） mm. Conclusions： The microanatomy data ofethmoidal artery and its branch and ethmoidal foramen were obtained, which provide scientific evidences for imaging diagnosis and neurological surgery, ophthalmic surgery, such as program development, as well as interventional therapy provides an anatomic basis.