广州市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响研究

土地是各种陆地生态系统的载体,土地利用是人类生存与发展不可缺少的活动,是人与自然交叉最为密切的环节,土地利用/覆盖的变化必然影响生态系统的结构和功能。在Constanza生态系统服务价值理论基础上,结合谢高地等对中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,计算了1996~2005年间广州市生态系统服务价值的变化。由于建设用地和养殖水面对耕地及其他农用地面积的占用,以及水域生态价值系数较高,使得广州市10年间的生态系统服务价值(ESV)变化不大,增加了1.08亿元,但人均占有量(Ave(ESV)却下降了30.11%。各种土地利用方式的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数(CS)均小于1,表明其对生态系统的价值变化是缺乏弹性的。耕地面积的变化主要影响广州市的粮食安全问题,而水域的变化则对生态系统服务价值变化起放大作用。

Impact of land-use changes on the ecosystem service value in Guangzhon City

Land is the carrier of various terrestrial ecosystems,while land use is an indispensable activity to human's living and development.It is also the interaction area between human being and nature,so the change of land use cover would impact the structure and function of ecosystem unavoidably.Based on the Constanza's ecosystem service value theory and using the coefficients advanced by Xie Gao-di and co-works,who made a table listing the ESV of unit area in land ecosystem and providing the average unit price of ESV in China,this paper calculated the change of the ecosystem service values(ESV) in 1996 and 2005 of Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province respectively.The results showed that the ESV had been changed a little and increased 108 million yuan RMB from 1996 to 2005 due to the change of cropland and other agricultural lands to residential and water lands and the high ecosystem value coefficient(VC) of water,while the average ESV(Ave(ESV))dropped 30.11 percent due to the expansion of residential and commercial land.The calculation also indicated that the coefficients of sensitivity(CS) were all inelastic.The change of cropland impacted the security of foodstuff of Guangzhou City,while the change of water mainly influenced the ecosystem service function.