城市景观格局的空间尺度分析

景观生态学研究的核心内容是景观格局与生态过程。因为景观格局与生态过程中都存在的尺度多样性问题，导致尺度成为理解景观格局和生态过程相互作用的关键，但是由于理论和方法的限制，目前对景观生态学的尺度研究还不够深入，特别是景则格局对尺度变化的响应特征。目前GIS与RS技术的发展为不同尺度下的空间格局特征和空间异质性研究提供了有效的工具。论文以上海市为背景，用景观生念学方法研究了不同粒度下景观格局特征，同时用半变异函数分析了不同幅度下景观多样性的格局特征。结果显示：(1)不同的指数对粒度的响应不同；(2)空间多样性在小幅度内变化较复杂；(3)不论粒度还是幅度都揭示出景观格局具有尺度依赖性规律。

Spatial analysis of the urban landscape pattern

Because of the multiplicity in spatial pattern and ecological processes, scale plays an important role to understanding the pattern-process interactions and, indeed, becomes one of the corner-stone in landscape ecology. Based on the research of Shanghai city, this paper studies the pattern characteritics at different grains by using the methods of landscape ecology; and the semi-variogram is used to analyze the pattern characters at different extents. The results of analysis indicate: (1)Ddifferent landscape indices responds dissimilarly to the changes of grains(.2)Spatial variation of landscape diversity shows the most complexity at the smallest extent(.3)The response of landscape indices and SHDI semi-variance to scale is respective. So landscape spatial pattern has scale dependency.