三江平原自然湿地与人工湿地双向演替动态过程研究

基于遥感和GIS技术,分析1986～2005年三江平原自然湿地(湖泊、河流、沼泽湿地)与人工湿地(水田)的双向演替过程,统计分析自然地理环境背景(土壤类型、海拔高度、坡度和地貌类型)对此过程的影响。研究结果表明,1986～2005年间三江平原湿地双向演替过程以沼泽湿地与水田之间的相互转化为主。1986～1995年、1995～2000年和2000～2005年三时段内沼泽湿地转化为水田的面积占同期沼泽湿地转出总面积的比例分别为7.61%、37.99%和28.81%,相反,水田转化为沼泽湿地的面积占同期水田转出总面积的4.83%、13.69%和4.84%。三江平原发生沼泽湿地与水田双向演替过程的主要自然地理环境背景为土壤类型为草甸土和沼泽土,海拔高度为0～100 m,坡度为0～1°,地貌类型为低河漫滩、高河漫滩、洼地和一级阶地。

Dynamic processes of two-way succession of natural and man-made wetlands in Sanjiang Plain

Based on remote sensing and GIS technology, the authors analyzed two-way succession processes of natural and man-made wetlands and impacts of natural environmental features on the processes in Sanjiang Plain during 1986-2005. Results showed that two-way succession processes of wetland in Sanjiang Plain were characterized with mutual transformation between marsh and paddy field from 1986 to 2005. During the periods of 1986-1995, 1995-2000 and 2000-2005, ratios of transformation area from marsh to paddy field to total area of transformed marsh were 7.61%, 37.99% and 28.81%, respectively, while ratios of transformation area from paddy field to marsh to total area of transformed paddy field were 4.83%, 13.69% and 4.84% respectively. Main natural environmental features in relation to two-way succession between marsh and paddy field in Sanjiang Plain were characterized by being the regions of meadow soil and marsh soil, elevation of 0-100 m, slope gradient of 0-1°, physiognomies of low flood plain, high flood plain, depression and first terrace.