基于高通量测序技术大亚湾肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)的食性分析

采用Illuminate高通量测序技术分析了大亚湾肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)的食性。在夏季(2017年8月)和冬季(2018年1月)对大亚湾内不同站位拖网采获的四组样品中, 分别挑取毛颚类优势种肥胖软箭虫进行18S rDNA V4区扩增; 通过高通量测序得到四组样品的序列, 经过处理每组样品得到约30,000条高质量序列。分析结果表明, 大亚湾肥胖软箭虫的食物来源于16个门类生物, 主要的优势类群分别来自于3个门类的浮游动物(刺胞动物门46.16%、节肢动物门的桡足类19.16%和栉水母动物门14.22%), 真菌类的2个门类(子囊菌门14.04%和担子菌亚门4.48%), 以及少量浮游植物类群的2个门 (褐藻门0.06%和隐藻门0.03%)。另外, 还检测出少量肥胖软箭虫可能摄食的纤毛虫、线虫、住囊虫、海葵等。夏季湾内肥胖软箭虫食物中子囊菌门贡献最高 (43.3%), 这与大亚湾海水养殖等人类活动影响有关; 夏季湾口外海水带来丰富的暖水性栉水母, 占肥胖软箭虫总食物丰度的55.25%。冬季湾内肥胖软箭虫摄食哲水蚤比例达49.94%, 而湾口肉质介穗水母占比高达85.3%。分析结果可见, 肥胖软箭虫的摄食具有偏好性, 且明显存在季节和区域差异。研究探讨了大亚湾不同环境下肥胖软箭虫食性转变及其食物来源的季节和区域差异, 为深入揭示浮游动物在海湾生态系统物质与能量传递过程的作用机制提供了重要基础资料。

Dietary analysis of Flaccisagitta enflata based on high-throughput sequencing technology in Daya Bay,China

In this paper,the diet of Flaccisagitta enflata in Daya Bay was analyzed using Illuminate High-throughput Sequencing Technology.In summer(August 2017)and winter(January 2018),the four groups of samples taken from different trawls in Daya Bay were picked up for the 18S rDNA V4 region.The sequences of the four sets of samples were obtained by high-throughput sequencing,and about 30000 high-quality sequences were obtained after processing each set of samples.The results showed that the food of Flaccisagitta enflata in Daya Bay originated from 16 phyla.The main dominant groups were from the three phyla of zooplankton group(46.16%cnidaria,19.16%copepod,14.22%ctenophore);2 phyla of fungi(14.04%ascomycetes,4.48%basidiomycosis);and 2 phyla of a little of phytoplankton groups(0.06%stramenopiles and 0.03%cryptophyta).In addition,a small number of ciliates,nematodes,cysticercosis,and anemones that might be ingested by Flaccisagitta enflata were also detected.In the summer,the weight of the neutropha in the diet of the Flaccisagitta enflata was the highest(43.3%)within the bay,which was related to the impact of human activities such as marine aquaculture in Daya Bay.The seawater outside the bay was rich in warm water and jellyfish,which accounted for the total food of Flaccisagitta enflata 55.25%of the degree.In the winter,the proportion of Flaccisagitta enflata feeding on Calanus was 49.94%,while in winter,the proportion of Hydractinia in the bay mouth was as high as 85.3%.The results reveal the changes in the feeding habits of Flaccisagitta enflata in different environments,highlighting the important role of Flaccisagitta enflata in the feeding process and ecosystem,and will help to understand the important role of zooplankton in the process of matter and energy transfer.