上杭县城区公园绿地景观格局动态分析

以上杭县为例, 对县城城区公园绿地景观格局演变进行研究。在ArcGIS和Fragstats景观指数分析软件的支持下, 选取了破碎度、连接度、均匀度、聚集度、景观多样性和分维数等指数对上杭县城城区2009、2013和2018年公园绿地景观格局的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明: (1)2009-2018年, 上杭县城区公园绿地总面积从99 hm²增加至185 hm², 斑块数量从24个增加到35个。 (2)综合公园和社区公园是上杭县城区公园绿地景观中的优势景观元素； 游园数量最多, 斑块所占景观面积的比例最少; 整体公园绿地斑块分维数较低, 研究区整体景观形状较为规则。(3)聚集度指数下降, 公园绿地景观的破碎度程度增加; 景观多样性指数和均匀度指数呈递增趋势, 公园绿地呈均匀化发展; 龙翔片区和城南产业片区公园绿地分布偏少。(4)政策是公园绿地景观格局变化的主导因素。基于公园绿地景观格局动态分析结果, 提出了相应的对策和建议, 以期为上杭县及其他县域级小城市的公园绿地规划、城市生态建设提供参考。

Dynamic analysis of landscape pattern of park green space in Shanghang county

This paper aims to realize the landscape pattern evolution of park green spaces of the county.Shanghang county has taken as a study case.By using the ArcGIS and Fragstats landscape index analysis software,and choosing landscape indices that include patch density,cohesion index,evenness index,aggregation index,landscape diversity and fractal dimension,we analyzed the dynamic changes of landscape pattern of park system in Shanghang county during the period of 2009,2013 and 2018.The results showed that:(1)From 2009 to 2018,the total area of parks in Shanghang county increased from 99 hm²to 185 hm²,and the number of patches increased from 24 to 35.(2)Comprehensive parks and community parks were the dominant landscape elements in the landscape pattern of park system in Shanghang county.The number of gardens was large and the area accounted for a small proportion of the landscape.The fractal dimension of the whole park green patch was low,and the overall landscape shape in the study area was relatively regular.(3)The aggregation index decreased,and the degree of fragmentation of park green landscape increased continuously.The landscape diversity index and evenness index showed an increasing trend,and the park green space showed a uniform development.The distribution of park green space in Longxiang district and south of the city industrial district was less than normal.(4)Policy was the dominant factor in the change of park green space landscape pattern.Based on the results of dynamic analysis of landscape pattern of park green space,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward in order to provide reference for park green space planning and urban ecological construction in Shanghang county and other small cities at county level.