长江常熟江段渔业群落结构及物种多样性初步研究

对2000～2006年长江常熟江段渔业群落及物种多样性进行了研究。该江段共有鱼、虾蟹类66种,分别隶属于13目29科。鲤形目鱼类最多,其次是鲈形目。按迁徙习性可分为江湖半洄游性鱼类、洄游性鱼类、河口鱼类和定居性鱼类4大类型。经济鱼类占优势,群落优势种为鳊、鲫、刀鲚、铜鱼、翘嘴红鲌和条。多样性特征值年间平均指标为:Margalef指数(R)1.68,Wilhm改进指数(H")2.50,McNaughton指数(Dw)0.37,Pielou指数(J')0.76。鱼类群落优势度较低,丰富度、均匀度、多样性处于较高水平。探讨了水利工程、水域污染及水利调度对该江段渔业资源的不利影响,提出了开发和保护该江段渔业资源的建议。

Primary studies on structure of fishery community and species diversity in Changshu section of the Yangtze River

Primary studies on structure of fishery community and species diversity in Changshu section of the Yangtze River were carried out during 2000-2006.Fishes,shrimps and crabs covered 13 orders,29 families and 66 species were collected in this area.Number of species belonging to Cypriniformes was the most and the second was fishes belonging to Perciformes.There were four ecological types,which were semi-migrated fishes between the Yangtze River and lakes,migrated fishes between the Yangtze River and the sea,estuarine fishes and resident fishes.Economical fishes were more than others.Dominant species were Parabramis pekinensis,Carassius auratus auratus,Coilia macrognathos,Coreius heterodon,Cu1ter ilishaeformis and Hemiculter leucisculus.The diversity indexes from 2000 to 2006 were analysed that Margalef's index was 1.68,Wilhm's index 2.50,McNaughton's index 0.37 and Pielou's index 0.76.Value of McNaughton's index was a little lower than oher fishery community,while values of Margalef's index,Pielou's index and Wilhm's index were higher.Unfavorable influence of irrigation works,water pollution and water resources adjusting on the fishery resources in Changshu section was discussed。 Advices how to develop and protect fishery resources in the area were given.