广东惠州3类海洋经济物种体内重金属含量分析和健康风险评估

海洋渔业资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,海洋经济物种体内重金属含量直接影响到人们身体健康。利用2018年春季惠州市海洋渔业资源调查样品,分析了贝类、甲壳类、鱼类等3类27种海洋经济物种体内重金属Cu、Pb、Cd的含量特征,利用单因子污染指数(SFI)、金属污染指数(MPI)和目标危险系数(THQ)分别进行了重金属污染水平评价和健康风险评估,并探讨了海洋经济物种体内重金属的来源及影响因素。结果显示,(1)2018年春季,惠州海域3类海洋经济物种体内重金属元素含量由大到小皆为Cu>Pb>Cd。不同类海洋经济物种对同种重金属的富集能力有明显差异,方差分析显示,贝类体内Cu含量显著高于鱼类,Cd含量显著高于甲壳类和鱼类。(2)惠州海洋经济物种体内3种重金属元素含量的Pearson相关分析结果显示,Cu与Pb、Cd显著正相关,反映其具有同源性和类似生物地球化学行为,受到人为活动的影响。(3)SFI值反映,3类海洋经济物种体内Cu含量为正常背景值水平,Pb含量为轻度污染;贝类、鱼类体内Cd含量分别为轻度污染和中度污染,值得引起重视。MPI值由大到小为贝类>甲壳类>鱼类。整体说明,不同海洋经济物种体内重金属含量特征对生存环境质量有明显响应。(4)根据《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》(NY 5073-2006),从1996年到2018年春季,惠州海域海洋经济物种体内Cu含量稳定,无超标样品;甲壳类、鱼类体内Pb、Cd含量超标需引起关注。(5)3类海洋经济物种的THQ值皆<1,由大到小顺序为贝类>甲壳类>鱼类,对人身健康无影响。

Heavy metals concentrations of marine commercial species and health risk estimation in Huizhou,Guangdong

Marine fishery resources are an important component of natural resources and the contents of heavy metals in the marine commercial fishes that directly affect the health of human body.The samples of marine fishery resources surveying program in Huizhou,which were collected during spring in 2018,were determined the contents of heavy metals(i.e.,Cu,Pb and Cd)in 27 marine commercial species from three categories,including shellfish,crustaceans and fish,for evaluating the pollution levels of heavy metals and estimating the health risks with SFI,MPI,THQ,respectively.Furthermore,we discussed the origins of heavy metals and the influence factors.The results showed that:(1)The contents of heavy metals in the three marine commercial categories followed the order of Cu>Pb>Cd in Huizhou during the spring in 2018.Differences of the same heavy metal were observed in different species.Cu contents in shellfish were obviously higher than those in fish by ANOVA,and Cd contents were higher than those in crustaceans and fish.(2)The Cu contents showed obviously positive correlations with Pb and Cd contents by Pearson correlation analysis,suggesting the same origins and similar biogeochemical behaviors,influenced by anthropogenic activities.(3)The SFI values indicated that the Cu contents were in normal background,and the Pb contents showed slightly pollution,while the Cd contents in shellfish and fish presented slightly and moderate pollution,respectively.The MPI values followed the order of shellfish>crustaceans>fish.Overall,the characteristics of heavy metals in different marine commercial species were obviously responding to the habitat environment.(4)According to the national standard of NY 5073-2006,the Cu contents in marine commercial species were stable and unpolluted from 1996 to the spring in 2018.However,the contents exceeded the standard for Pb and Cd in crustaceans and fish,hence,the quality and safety supervision of aquatic products should be strengthened.(5)All THQ values were below 1,following the order of shellfish>crustaceans>fish,and suggested no effect on the human health.