暖温带乔木和灌木物候变化及对气候变化的响应

根据2003-2014年气象数据和暖温带3种乔木(辽东栎、五角枫和核桃楸)和3种灌木(土庄绣线菊、毛叶丁香和六道木)的物候观测数据资料, 采用气候倾向率和回归分析等方法, 观察乔木和灌木物候变化特征的差异, 分析温度、降水以及乔木、灌木的物候变化趋势, 同时对气象因子与乔木和灌木物候期的相关关系进行研究。结果表明: ①研究期间, 北京东灵山平均气温呈不显著的上升趋势, 气候倾向率为0.200℃·10a–1, 春季(3–5月)和夏季(6-8月)温度显著上升; 降水量呈下降趋势, 平均减少71.630 mm·10a–1, 总体呈暖、干的趋势。②3种乔木的生长季长度都缩短, 辽东栎、五角枫和核桃楸平均生长季长度分别缩短50.70 d·10 a–1、29.83 d·10a–1和22.36 d·10a–1。3种灌木的生长季长度也都缩短, 土庄绣线菊、毛叶丁香和六道木的平均生长季长度分别缩短42.55 d·10a–1、42.76 d·10a–1和38.15 d·10a–1。乔木和灌木的物候变化趋势相同, 整体表现为春季物候推迟, 秋季物候提前, 生长季长度都缩短且生长季长度相差不大。乔木和灌木都表现出芽期推迟最明显, 每10年推迟达19天以上。③乔木和灌木各物候期与气温总体表现为负相关, 即气温升高, 物候期提前, 其相关性显示出夏季(6-8月)温度对植被物候期影响较大, 夏季温度与各物候期表现为正相关, 即夏季温度升高, 物候期推迟。同时乔木和灌木与总体降水没有明显的相关关系, 但秋季物候与不同时段降水表现不同的相关性, 由此可知夏季温度变化对木本植物春季物候(出芽期、展叶期和首花期)的影响更大, 而秋季物候(叶变色期和落叶期)受温度和降水共同影响。

The change of phenology of tree and shrub in warm temperate zone and their relationships with climate change

Based on meteorological data from 2003-2014 and phenological data of three species of arbor(Quercus wutaishanica Mayr.,Acer mono Maxim.and Juglans mandshurica)and three shrubs(Spiraea pubescens,Syringa tomentella and Abelia biflora Turcz.),we used the climate tendency rate,regression analysis and other methods to observe the differences in varietal characteristics of trees and shrubs,to analyze the temperature,precipitation and phenological changes of trees and shrubs,and to study the correlation between meteorological factors and arbor and shrub phenology.The results show that during the study period,the average temperature of Dongling Mountain in Beijing showed an insignificant upward trend,and the climate tendency rate was 0.200℃·10a^-1.The temperature in spring(March-May)and summer(June-August)increased significantly.The precipitation decreased,with an average decrease of 71.630 mm·10a^-1;Dongling Mountain was generally warm and dry.The growth seasons of 3 species of trees were shortened,and the average growing season lengths of Quercus wutaishanica Mayr.,Acer mono Maxim and Juglans mandshurica were shortened by 50.70 d·10a^-1,29.83 d·10a^-1 and 22.36 d·10a^-1,respectively.The growth season lengths of the three shrubs were also shortened.The average growing season length of Spiraea pubescens,Syringa tomentella and Abelia biflora Turcz.was shortened by 42.55 d·10a^-1,42.76 d·10a^-1 and 38.15d·10a^-1,respectively.The phenological changes of trees and shrubs had the same trend.The overall performance was that the spring phenology was delayed and the phenology in autumn was advanced,the length of growing season was shortened,and the length of growing season was not much different.Both trees and shrubs showed the most obvious delay in the first budding,with a delay of more than 19 days every 10 years.The phenology of trees and shrubs was negatively correlated with the overall temperature.The temperature increased and the phenological period was advanced.The correlation showed that the summer(June-August)temperature had a greater impact on the vegetation phenology,and the summer temperature and phenology were positively correlated.The summer temperature raised and the phenological period was postponed.At the same time,there was no obvious correlation between trees and shrubs and total precipitation,but the correlation between autumn phenology and precipitation performance in different periods was different.It can be seen that summer temperature changes have a greater impact on the spring phenology(the first budding,fist unfolding and first flowering)of woody plants.While the autumn phenology(fist leaf coloration and the end of leaf fall)is affected by both temperature and precipitation.