重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术

土壤受重金属污染的状况在国内外都相当严重,传统的重金属污染土壤的修复技术存在许多难以克服的缺陷;近年来,一种运用植物来去除有毒重金属的新兴修复技术(植物修复技术)给这一问题提供了良好的解决途径,该技术被认为是一种低成本有效的“绿色”技术。但其主要缺点是修复周期较长,筛选、培育超积累植物以及提高土壤中重金属的生物有效性是提高植物吸收效果、缩短修复周期的关键。本文就超积累植物的筛选、转基因超积累植物及螯合剂强化植物吸收等热点问题的研究进展作了介绍,并对我国当前植物修复技术研究工作的重点提出了建议。

On Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

The situation of soil contamination by heavy metals is very severe all over the world, and the traditional remediation technologies have many defects that are hard to be overcome. Recently, a nascent phytoremediation technology, in which plants was used to clean up the heavy metals in soil, was developed and hoped to solve the problem, and this technology was regarded as a cost-effective "green" technology. However, it needed much longer time than other traditional technologies, so, screening and breeding hyperaccumulators and increasing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil became the key to improve the effect of intake and shorten the period of remediation. This paper reviewed some recent hot topics and their progresses in the field including: screening of hyperaccumulators, transgenic hyperaccumulators, and chelate-enhanced phytoremediation, et al; Some suggestions were also put forward for the work of our country in this field.