广州市海岸带生态环境现状及保护

广州市海岸带位于珠江入海口，为淤泥质冲积平原，滩涂面积广阔，湿地类型多样，野生动植物资源丰富。调查分析显示，近20年以来，海岸带的生态环境发生了深刻的变化。突出表现为天然湿地丧失或转化为受控湿地、淡水水体和海水水质恶化、生物资源衰退、外来生物入侵、洪涝灾害加剧等问题，形成人为活动干扰十分强烈的生态脆弱带。这些问题的产生与海涂围垦等海岸带开发活动密切相关。随着广州市“南拓”空间发展战略的提出，海岸带资源开发力度将进一步加强，尽管市政府在海洋保护、红树林湿地恢复重建和保护区建设等方面开展了大量工作，但海岸带的生态环境保护依然不容忽视。

Situation of Ecological Environment and Its Protection in Guangzhou Coastal Zone

The coastal zone of Guangzhou city,located beside the Zhujiang River estuary,is a kind of silt flood plain.There are wide beach,many kinds of wetlands,and rich wild lives in the coastal zone.Based on the study,it was found that the ecological environment of the zone had been significantly changed since the reform and open of China.Serious ecological problems created such as lost of natural wetlands or the transformation from natural wetlands to controlled wetlands,pollution of water,decline of plant and animal sources,biological invasion of exotic species,more often of flood disasters,et al.As a result,the coastal zone became more fragility.The problems was mainly caused by the development of the coastal zone such as enclosing tideland for cultivation.According to the spatial development tactics of 'extend toward south' of Guangzhou city,more powerful development of the coastal zone will be operated.It is crucial to protect the ecological environment in spite of the government has pay much attention to sea protection,restoration of mangrove wetland,and establishment of reserves.