茂名北排油页岩废渣场的土壤与植被特性研究

茂名北排油页岩废渣堆放场是一块面积达670hm²的工业生产废弃地,废渣场土壤干旱,养分贫瘠,重金属含量略为偏高,不利植物入侵与定居。这片因人为因素形成的次生裸地经过20多年的自然恢复,入侵定居植物只有24科59属66种,且大多数均为禾本科、莎草科、菊科等科的草本植物种类;草本植物有13科38属44种,占总种数的67%,占总覆盖度的80%以上。群落结构及组成种类简单,处于群落次生演替的前期阶段,表明废渣场次生裸地的植被恢复是非常缓慢的。为尽早达到控制污染、改善环境等目的,必须辅以人工措施,加速植被的恢复进程。最后提出了实现这一目的的生态恢复对策。

The soil and vegetation of oil shale dump in Maomingcity, Guangdong Province

The oil shale dump in Maoming, Guangdong, formed by a process of oil shale excavation, separation, combustion and refining, is a huge man-made degraded ecosystem, up to 667 hm2. The soils in the oil shale dump, mainly composed of a mixture, including oil-refined shale and surface soil coming from the oil shale mine, is extremely dry, infertile, and somewhat toxic resulted from heavy metals. After an 20 years' natural succession, there have colonized only 66 species of vascular plants belonging to 24 families and 59 genera on the completely barren oil shale disposal soil. Among them, 67% of total species and 80% of total coverage are made up of Poaceae, Cyper-aceae, and Compositae. The community construction and the composition of species are very simple and still in the early stage of secondary succession. This dictates that the natural vegetation in the secondary bare land piled by oil shale residue was rather slow. So it is necessary to add up artificial measures to speed up the vegetation restoration for mitigating pollution and improving the environment.