家庭能耗与碳足迹研究进展

家庭消费是产生CO₂排放的重要来源之一。随着社会的发展,居民生活水平的提高,由家庭产生的能耗及温室气体排放比例日益增加,家庭的节能减排潜力也随之升高。开展家庭能耗和碳足迹研究,不仅可以为众多家庭提供可持续的生活和消费指导,帮助居民寻求科学有效的节能减排途径,而且对于促进低碳城市建设、缓解全球变暖和能源危机具有重要意义。该文从家庭碳足迹的概念、来源以及计算方法入手;总结了家庭能耗及碳足迹研究6个方面的主要内容:家庭能耗和碳足迹特征以及影响因素,家庭能耗及碳足迹动态变化状况,国家间或地区间家庭能耗及碳足迹对比,家庭碳足迹计算模型,家庭碳排放管理。最后展望了该领域未来的研究重点和发展方向。

Research advances on household energy consumption and household carbon footprint

Household consumption is one of the important factors to induce CO₂ emission. With the development of society and the improvement of living standards, the proportion of household energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions has increased, resulting in an increase of the potential of household energy saving and emission reduction. Carrying out researches on household energy consumption and carbon footprint is helpful to provide residents guidance on sustainable living and consumption and to help them find an effective means of energy saving and emission reduction. It also provides advantages in the promotion of low-carbon urban construction and the mitigation of global warming and energy crisis. In this paper, the concept of household carbon footprint, the sources of household carbon emissions and then-calculation method are revealed first. Then, six domains of the researches on household energy consumption and household carbon footprint are summarized: the characteristics and influencing factors of household energy consumption and carbon footprint, the dynamic changes of household energy use and carbon footprint, the comparison of household energy use and carbon emissions between countries and regions, the calculation models of household carbon footprint, the management of household carbon emissions. At last, the prospect aspects and directions for future studies are put forward.