Efficiency of phenotypic and DNA markers for a genetic diversity study of alfalfa |
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Authors: | M Tucak S Popović T Čupić S Grljušić V Meglič Z Jurković |
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Institution: | 1.Agricultural Institute Osijek,Osijek,Croatia;2.Agricultural Institute of Slovenia,Ljubljana,Slovenia;3.Croatian Food Agency,Osijek,Croatia |
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Abstract: | Information on genetic diversity and germplasm characterization is essential for successful crop improvement. Diverse data
sets (pedigree, morphological, biochemical, DNA based-markers) are employed in various aspects of plant analysis. The objective
of this study was to determine the efficiency of phenotypic and RAPD markers in diversity assessment of ten alfalfa (Medicago spp.) accessions from Europe, North America and Australia. Field experiment was designed as a randomised complete block with
three replications over two consecutive years (2004, 2005) at one location. Twelve morpho-agronomic traits were recorded on
50 plants per each accession. Genomic DNA’s from 16–20 randomly selected individual plants per accession were used for RAPD
analysis. Six primers selected in this study generated a total of 93 polymorphic RAPD bands. The number of polymorphic bands
detected per primer ranged from 11 to 20. Genetic distances (GD) among investigated accessions and two-dimensional principal
coordinate analysis (2D PCoA) based on phenotypic and molecular data were obtained. The average GD between (0.283–0.416) and
within (0.247–0.332) accessions based on RAPD data was higher than GD values obtained by morpho-agronomic traits (0.171–0.354
and 0.157–0.261, respectively). 2D PCoA based on GD from RAPD data grouped most of the studied individual plants to four clusters
according to their geographical or taxonomy origin. 2D PCoA based only on morpho-agronomic data did not group plants congruently
to their origin, probably due to a strong environmental influence on studied traits. Our results indicated that the RAPD markers
were effective in assessing genetic diversity within and between studied alfalfa accessions. In addition, the obtained results
suggested that the RAPD markers might be useful for grouping of germplasm with similar genetic background and for pre-screening
of potential heterotic groups in our breeding programme. |
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