Ethylene is Involved in the Control of Male Gametophyte Development and Germination in Petunia |
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Authors: | Lidiya V Kovaleva Alla Dobrovolskaya Alexander Voronkov Viktor Rakitin |
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Institution: | (1) Timirayzev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya st. 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276 |
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Abstract: | The time courses of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ethylene production in developing anthers of petunia
fertile and sterile lines and the effects of exogenously applied ethylene and an inhibitor of ethylene action, 2,5-norbornadiene
(NBD), on male gametophyte development and germination were investigated. Fertile male gametophyte development was accompanied
by two peaks of ethylene production by anther tissues. The first peak occurred during microspore development simultaneously
with degeneration of both tapetal tissues and middle layers of the anther wall. The second peak coincided with maturation
and dispersal of pollen grains. The mature pollen is characterized by a high ACC content (up to 300 nmol/g). Exogenously applied
ethylene (1–100 ppm) induced degradation of gametophytic generation at the meiosis stage. NBD completely inhibited anther
development at the early stages of its development and delayed anther dehiscence. In anther tissues of the petunia sterile
line, tenfold higher ethylene production was observed at the meiosis stage compared to that in fertile male gametophytes and
this correlated with degeneration of both microsporocytes and tapetal tissues. In vitro male gametophyte germination was accompanied
by an increase of ethylene production, whereas NBD completely blocked male gametophyte germination. These results suggest
that ethylene is an important factor in male gametophyte development and germination. |
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