The Occurrence and Economic Impact of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmodiophora brassicae</Emphasis> and Clubroot Disease |
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Authors: | Geoffrey R Dixon |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Horticulture and Landscape, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, P. O. Box 221, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AS, UK |
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Abstract: | The significance of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin and clubroot disease which it incites in members of the family Brassicaceae is reviewed as the focus for this special
edition of the Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. This is a monographic treatment of recent research into the pathogen and disease; previous similar treatments are now well
over half a century old. Vernacular nomenclature of the disease indicates that it had a well-established importance in agriculture
and horticulture from at least the Middle Ages onward in Europe and probably earlier. Subsequently, the pathogen probably
spread worldwide as a result of transfer on and in fodder taken by colonists as livestock feed. It is a moot point, however,
whether there was much earlier spread by P. brassicae into China and subsequently Japan as Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage and many variants) colonized those lands in archaeological time. Symptoms, worldwide distribution, and economic
impact are briefly described here to provide a basis for understanding subsequent papers. Clubroot disease devastates both
infected field and protected vegetable and agricultural Brassica crops. Particular importance is placed on recent reports of crop losses in tropical countries, albeit where the crops are
grown in cooler altitudes, and in the Canadian prairie land canola crops. The latter is of enormous importance because this
crop is the single most important and essential source of vegetable oils used in human foodstuffs and in industrial lubricants
where mineral oils are inappropriate. |
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Keywords: | Plasmodiophora brassicae Clubroot disease Vernacular nomenclature Symptoms Worldwide distribution Economic impact |
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