Genome‐wide association analyses of child genotype effects and parent‐of‐origin effects in specific language impairment |
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| Authors: | R Nudel N H Simpson G Baird A O'Hare G Conti‐Ramsden P F Bolton E R Hennessy S M Ring G Davey Smith C Francks S Paracchini A P Monaco S E Fisher D F Newbury |
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| Institution: | 1. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, , Oxford, UK;2. Newcomen Centre, the Evelina Children's Hospital, , London, UK;3. Department of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, , Edinburgh, UK;4. School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, , Manchester, UK;5. Departments of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, , London, UK;6. University Child Health and DMDE, University of Aberdeen, , Aberdeen, UK;7. School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, , Bristol, UK;8. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, , Bristol, UK;9. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, , Nijmegen, the Netherlands;10. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, , Nijmegen, the Netherlands;11. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, , St Andrews, UK;12. Tufts University, , Medford, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Specific language impairment (SLI) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects linguistic abilities when development is otherwise normal. We report the results of a genome‐wide association study of SLI which included parent‐of‐origin effects and child genotype effects and used 278 families of language‐impaired children. The child genotype effects analysis did not identify significant associations. We found genome‐wide significant paternal parent‐of‐origin effects on chromosome 14q12 (P = 3.74 × 10?8) and suggestive maternal parent‐of‐origin effects on chromosome 5p13 (P = 1.16 × 10?7). A subsequent targeted association of six single‐nucleotide‐polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 5 in 313 language‐impaired individuals and their mothers from the ALSPAC cohort replicated the maternal effects, albeit in the opposite direction (P = 0.001); as fathers' genotypes were not available in the ALSPAC study, the replication analysis did not include paternal parent‐of‐origin effects. The paternally‐associated SNP on chromosome 14 yields a non‐synonymous coding change within the NOP9 gene. This gene encodes an RNA‐binding protein that has been reported to be significantly dysregulated in individuals with schizophrenia. The region of maternal association on chromosome 5 falls between the PTGER4 and DAB2 genes, in a region previously implicated in autism and ADHD. The top SNP in this association locus is a potential expression QTL of ARHGEF19 (also called WGEF) on chromosome 1. Members of this protein family have been implicated in intellectual disability. In summary, this study implicates parent‐of‐origin effects in language impairment, and adds an interesting new dimension to the emerging picture of shared genetic etiology across various neurodevelopmental disorders . |
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| Keywords: | ALSPAC GWAS imprinting neurodevelopmental disorder specific language impairment |
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