诱导胚胎干细胞向神经细胞分化方法的研究与探讨

胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)是一种能够在体外进行不断自我更新，并具有多种分化潜能的细胞。胚胎干细胞向神经细胞诱导分化的研究进展迅速，相关实验技术和理论也不断发展。总结了近年来各国研究者诱导小鼠和人胚胎干细胞向神经细胞分化的方法，分析了一些方法的原理并初步探讨其相关的分子机制，并提出一些可行性新方法。胚胎干细胞向神经细胞诱导分化因其体外的可操作性、来源的广泛性及质量可控性将有可能成为临床上治疗神经系统疾病的有效方法。

The Study of Methods Used in Neural Induction of Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent cells which have a unique capacity to renew themselves and to give rise to various types of cells. So much progress was made to date on the study of neural induction of the embryonic stem cells, and relative laboratory techniques and theories were also established gradually. This review concentrated on the methods that researchers used in the directed induction of ES cells to neural cells, and analysed the mechanism and relative theories of some of the methods, then gave out some practical methods. ES cells that can proliferate indefinitely and be easily genetically operated may be a particularly effective donor cells for therapies of neurological diseases.