哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和受精中细胞骨架重组和作用

卵母细胞成熟和受精是动物生殖过程的核心环节。细胞骨架是遍布于卵母细胞胞质中的一种复杂的蛋白质纤维网络，研究表明，卵母细胞成熟和受精过程中伴随着广泛的胞质骨架重组。哺乳动物卵母细胞和早期胚胎中细胞骨架具有其独特的分布和功能，使卵母细胞和胚胎呈现出不同的变化特点。微丝、微管的分布变化与卵母细胞成熟和受精中遗传物质的重组密切相关。近年来，对哺乳动物不同物种间卵母细胞和胚胎中细胞骨架成分的研究取得了很大的进展，结合这些研究成果，对哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和受精过程中细胞骨架的重组、分布和作用进行了介绍。同时，对多种信号转导途径参与卵母细胞成熟和受精中细胞骨架系统的调控也作了探讨。

Organization and Function of the Cytoskeleton during Mammalian Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization

Oocyte maturation and fertilization are the core processes of animal reproduction. Cytoskeletonis a complex network of protein filaments that extents throughout the oocyte cytoplasm. Accumulating evidenceshowed that extensive organizations of the cytoskeletal elements occur during oocyte maturation and fertilization.The cell cycle progression depends greatly on the regulation of the cytoskeleton. Recent studies show that thedistribution of cytoskeleton in mammalian oocyte and embryo are very unique and have peculiar function, whichenable the oocyte and embryo to undergo very remarkable changes found at developmental transitions. Further,organization of both microtubules and the microfilaments are involved in the organizations of genetic materialsduring oocyte maturation and fertilization. Recent years, there is a great progress in the studies of the cytoskeletalelements of oocyte and embryo in different mammalian species. This review mainly focuses on the organization,distribution and function of the cytoskeleton according to these researches. The regulation of many signal transduc-tion mechanisms on cytoskeletal system during oocyte maturation and fertilization is also discussed.