巨噬细胞的极化及其意义

表型可变性和功能多样性是单个核吞噬细胞的重要特征。近年来巨噬细胞的极化受到关注。一般认为极化巨噬细胞是单核细胞活化后一系列功能状态两个极端。而它的分化受到各种微环境信号的诱导与调节。极化的巨噬细胞能够进一步影响局部免疫反应,与各种因子协同作用调节病原体微生物感染结局和肿瘤免疫,参与免疫调节,组织修复重塑过程。对巨噬细胞亚型诱导因素及功能的研究将有助于了解免疫反应的调节机制。

The Polarization of Macrophages and Its Significance

Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Recent studies show that fully polarized M1 and M2 (or alternatively activated) macrophages are the extremes of a con- tinuum of functional states. Moreover, the differentiation of monocytes is induced and regulated by microenviron- mental factors. And polarized macrophages, interacting with other local molecules can regulate the immunoreactions against microbial pathogens and tumors. Knowledge about the characteristics and inducer of macrophage subsets would help to know more about the regulation of immune response.