Contrasting patterns of Andean diversification among three diverse clades of Neotropical clearwing butterflies |
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Authors: | Nicolas Chazot Donna Lisa De‐Silva Keith R Willmott André V L Freitas Gerardo Lamas James Mallet Carlos E Giraldo Sandra Uribe Marianne Elias |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden;2. Institut de Systématique, évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB‐UMR 7205–CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France;3. McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;4. Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, S?o Paulo, Brazil;5. Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;6. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;7. Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad Católica de Oriente, Rionegro, Colombia;8. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia |
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Abstract: | The Neotropical region is the most biodiverse on Earth, in a large part due to the highly diverse tropical Andean biota. The Andes are a potentially important driver of diversification within the mountains and for neighboring regions. We compared the role of the Andes in diversification among three subtribes of Ithomiini butterflies endemic to the Neotropics, Dircennina, Oleriina, and Godyridina. The diversification patterns of Godyridina have been studied previously. Here, we generate the first time‐calibrated phylogeny for the largest ithomiine subtribe, Dircennina, and we reanalyze a published phylogeny of Oleriina to test different biogeographic scenarios involving the Andes within an identical framework. We found common diversification patterns across the three subtribes, as well as major differences. In Dircennina and Oleriina, our results reveal a congruent pattern of diversification related to the Andes with an Andean origin, which contrasts with the Amazonian origin and multiple Andean colonizations of Godyridina. In each of the three subtribes, a clade diversified in the Northern Andes at a faster rate. Diversification within Amazonia occurred in Oleriina and Godyridina, while virtually no speciation occurred in Dircennina in this region. Dircennina was therefore characterized by higher diversification rates within the Andes compared to non‐Andean regions, while in Oleriina and Godyridina, we found no difference between these regions. Our results and discussion highlight the importance of comparative approaches in biogeographic studies. |
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Keywords: | Andes biogeography Dircennina Ithomiini Lepidoptera Neotropics Oleriina trait‐dependent diversification |
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