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盐生植物根冠区土壤盐分变化的初步研究
引用本文:郗金标,张福锁,陈阳,毛达如,尹传华,田长彦.盐生植物根冠区土壤盐分变化的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1):53-58.
作者姓名:郗金标  张福锁  陈阳  毛达如  尹传华  田长彦
作者单位:1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011;中国农业大学植物营养系,农业部植物营养学重点实验室,教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室,北京,100094;山东省林业科学院,济南,250014
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011;中国农业大学植物营养系,农业部植物营养学重点实验室,教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室,北京,100094
3. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011
4. 中国农业大学植物营养系,农业部植物营养学重点实验室,教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室,北京,100094
基金项目:中国科学院百人计划资助项目 (2 0 0 10 0 7)
摘    要:对植物根冠区土壤盐分和盐分组成的变化规律的研究表明,盐生草本植物根际土盐分有降低趋势,27个采样点中仅有7个样点根际土盐分是增加的;盐生灌木根冠区土壤盐分的变化与植株生长状况有关,幼龄树和生长旺盛的灌木根冠区盐分变化不明显,根际土盐分甚至略有下降,随着生长势的衰弱,根际土、冠下土和边缘土均表现出土壤盐分的增加,增加最明显的地带为树冠边缘。根冠区有逐渐形成“盐分岛”的趋势。盐生灌木具有生物积盐作用。稀盐盐生植物和泌盐盐生植物根冠区Na^+/K^+比均呈降低趋势,53个采样点中仅有14个采样点的根际土Na^+/K^+比高于背景土,在31个冠下土采样点中仅有10个采样点的冠下土Na^+/K^+比提高,但柽柳、白刺生长衰弱后边缘土Na^+/K^+比有回升趋势;拒盐盐生植物芦苇根际土Na^+/K^+比则有增加趋势,4个采样点中有3个采样点根际土Na^+/K^+比提高,SO4^-2/Cl^-比的变化在稀盐盐生植物、泌盐盐生植物和拒盐盐生植物间存在差异,稀盐盐生草本植物16个采样点中有10个样点根际土SO4^-2/Cl^-比增加,但稀盐盐生灌木根际土、冠下土SO4^-2/Cl^-比降低,边缘土增加;SO4^-2/Cl^-比在泌盐盐生植物根际土、冠下土和边缘土中均呈明显的降低趋势,20个根际土采样点中仅3个采样点SO4^-2/Cl^-比提高,13个冠下土采样点中只有1个采样点SO4^-2/Cl^-比提高,边缘土SO4^-2/Cl^-比在3个采样点中全部降低;拒盐盐生植物芦苇根际土SO4^-2/Cl^-比变化不明显。

关 键 词:盐生植物  根冠区  盐分
文章编号:1001-9332(2004)01-0053-06
修稿时间:2002年2月2日

A preliminary study on salt contents of soil in root-canopy area of halophytes
XI Jinbiao ,,ZHANG Fusuo ,CHEN Yang ,MAO Daru ,YIN Chuanhua ,TIAN Changyan.A preliminary study on salt contents of soil in root-canopy area of halophytes[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(1):53-58.
Authors:XI Jinbiao      ZHANG Fusuo    CHEN Yang  MAO Daru  YIN Chuanhua  TIAN Changyan
Institution:Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China. xijinbiao2001@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract:The results showed that among the 27 sampling sites, the salt content in rhizosphere of herbaceous halophytes increased at 7 sites and decreased at 20 sites. The variation of soil salt content in the RUE micro-area of shrubby halophytes was related to the growth status of the plants. The salt content in rhizosphere decreased a little at the early stage of plant development, but that in RUE micro-area tended to increase and accumulated most quickly at the site of the canopy edge soil.An obvious variation of salt components was found in the RUE micro-area of different types of halophytes. The Na /K ratio tended to decrease in succulent halophytes and salt secrete halophytes. Among 53 sampling sites, only 14 sampling sites had a higher ratio of Na /K in rhizosphere soil than in background soil, and only 10 sampling sites had a higher ratio of Na /K in canopy-under soil than in background soil. However, the Na /K ratio in the canopy edge soil of Tamarix and Nitraria tended to increase when they grew weakly. By contraries, the Na /K ratio in the rhizosphere was higher than that in background soil at 3 of 4 sampling sites of Phragmites australia , which indicated that the Na /K ratio in the rhizosphere of exclude halophytes tended to increase. The variation of SO_4 2- /Cl -ratio in the RUE micro-area was different in the 3 types of halophytes. For salt secrete halophytes, it decreased obviously in rhizosphere soil, canopy-under soil and canopy-edge soil; for succulent herbaceous halophytes, it tended to increase in rhizosphere soil; and for succulent shrubby halophytes, it tended to decrease in rhizosphere and in canopy-under soil, and tended to increase in canopy-edge soil. The SO_4 2- /Cl - ratio had no big change for exclude-halophytes. The reduction of the salts in rhizosphere of herbaceous halophytes was mainly because of their plant uptake, and the accumulation of salts in the RUE micro-area of shrubby halophytes was because the salt absorbed from the around soil returned to the RUE micro-area again. Because of the selective uptake by plant, the salt component varied with different types of halophytes. Most halophytes except Phragmites australia take more Na , and hence the Na /K ratio in the rhizosphere tends to decrease. The SO_4 2- /Cl - ratio in the RUE micro-area of salt secrete halophytes trended reduce, mainly because this type of halophyte can secrete more Cl - with its growth.
Keywords:Halophyte  Rrhizosphere  Salt content  
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