中华蜜蜂交配和产卵行为生态学研究

研究了中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana Fab.)蜂王与雄蜂交配行为生态以及蜂王产卵行为生态。结果表明，温度对中华蜜蜂蜂王和雄蜂封盖子期影响，导致蜂王初生重、性成熟时间差异显著(P<0．05)，蜂王和雄蜂认巢飞行次数分别为1．23～1．31和1．08～1．13，持续时间分别为0．12～0．13和0．16～0．20h；蜂王和雄蜂交配飞行次数分别为1．10～1．12和1．01～1．05，持续时间分别为0．22～0．23和0．18～0．23h；蜂王与雄蜂交配最适宜温度为20～28℃，蜂王交配飞行一次侧输卵管的精子数为3．37×10^6～4．15×10^6，自然交配产卵蜂王受精囊精子数为3．55×10^6～3．62×10^6蜂王初生重与产卵量之间呈正相关，周年蜂王产卵量受气候和蜜粉源影响明显。

Behavior ecological study on copulation and oviposition of Apis cerana cerana Fab

The behavior ecology of copulation and oviposition of Apis cerana cerana Fab. was studied. The results showed that temperature influence on the cell-covered time of Apis cerana cerana queen and drone induced the remarkable difference in their newborn weight and mature time (P < 0.05). Queen and drone fly frequency for discerning cell was 1.23-1.31 and 1.08-1.13, and duration was 0.12-0.13 h and 0.16-0.20 h. Their copulation fly frequency was 1.10-1.12 and 1.10-1.05, and duration was 0.22-0.23 h and 0.18-0.23 h. The most suitable temperature for copulation was 20-28 degrees C. The number of semen in side--oviduct of the queen in each copulation fly was 3.37 x 10(6)-4.15 x 10(6), and in natural copulation, semen number in spermathecal sac was 3.55 x 10(6)-3.62 x 10(6). There was a direct relationship between queen newborn weight and ovulation number. The annual effect of climate and flower fertility on the queen's ovulation number was obvious.