滇中几种人工林生态系统恢复效应研究

对滇中几种典型人工林生态系统恢复效应研究表明，由不同树种构成的人工林生态系统植物多样性、森林水文、地表土壤侵蚀控制、土壤改良和森林结构的恢复具有显著差异．用乡土树种造林能促进植物多样性．生态恢复变量间具有某种相关关系．草本植物盖度、群落均匀度、Shannon-Wiener指数、土壤有效钾、土壤容重、草本植物生物量、乔木材积、全钾、土壤侵蚀、土壤Si／V、枯落物凋落量、非毛管孔隙、穿透降雨是生态恢复主导效应变量．植物多样性的恢复处于生态恢复的中心位置．并用平均恢复距离指数及恢复距离树对几种生态系统恢复程度进行了评价。

Ecological restoration effects of typical manmade ecosystems and relationships between restoration variables in middle Yunnan area

This paper studied the restoration effects of Pinus yunnanensis forest, mixed Eucalyptus maideni-Acacia meam-sii forest, Eucalyptus maideni forest and restored natural vegetation in middle Yunnan area. The man-made forests consisting of different tree species had different effects on plant diversity, forest hydrology, soil surface erosion control, soil amelioration, and forest characteristics. Afforestation with native species promoted the plant diversity. Recovery Distance Index(RDI) was calculated for the evaluation of the forest restoration extent based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The restored natural vegetation P. yunnanensis forest, E.maideni forest, and A- mearnsii-E- maidensi forest would need correspondingly 29. 14, 14. 36, 34. 23, and 11. 03 years to recover to the ecological functions of zonal climax community. There were some relationships among forest recovery variables. Shannon-Wiener index, herbage coverage, community evenness, species diversity, soil available K, soil bulk density, biomass of herbage, woody plant coverage, timber volume of woody plant, soil total K, soil erosion, soil Si/V, littersfall, soil non-capillary porosity and through-fall were the main variables among the forest restoration variable dealt with in our work. Diversity played a central role in the restoration of ecosystem structure and functions.