长期施肥对土壤微生物的影响及其在养分调控中的作用

为揭示长期施肥条件下土壤微生物类群及其与土壤养分的关系，对北京褐潮土定位试验田第12年的土壤微生物以及土壤养分因子进行了测定和分析．结果表明，NPK与有机肥长期配合施用能明显提高土壤各养分含量，增加土壤微生物的数量．猪粪比玉米秸秆能更好地培肥地力，创造有利于土壤微生物生长繁育的土壤生态化学环境．土壤微生物与土壤养分之间具有很好的相关性．其中，细菌、固氮菌数量与有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷含量呈显著正相关；本研究未观察到真菌、放线菌数量与土壤养分因子之间有明显的相关性．

Effects of long-term fertilization on soil microorganism and its role in adjusting and controlling soil fertility

To clarify the relationships between soil microorganisms and soil fertility under the condition of long-term fertilization,a 12-year fertilization experiment was installed on a fluvo-aquic soil,and the amount of soil microorganisms and the content of soil nutrients were determined and analyzed.The results showed that chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure could significantly improve soil fertility and increase the amount of soil microorganisms.Organic manure was obviously superior to corn straw in improving soil fertility.The correlation between soil microorganisms and soil fertility was significant.A positive correlation was found between the amount of bacteria and azotobacteria and the contents of organic matter,total N,alkalified N,total P and available P.The relationship between the amount of fungi and actinomycetes and the content of soil nutrients was not obvious.