中国陆地生态系统生态资产测量及其动态变化分析

利用遥感技术,结合生态学方法，在对生态参数测量的基础上,通过建立生态资产计算模型,对中国陆地生态系统1992、1995和2000年的生态资产进行测量,并据此绘制中国陆地生态系统多年的生态资产空间分布图.结果表明,中国陆地生态系统1992、1995及2000年的生态资产分别为8.148×10¹²元、1.086×10¹³元和1.244×10¹³元人民币.从单位面积价值来看,森林的平均单位面积价值最高,为24 673元·hm^-2;其次为湿地(21 353元·hm^-2),说明森林和湿地对生态资产的贡献最大.从生态资产的空间分布来看,中国陆地生态系统的生态资产总体空间分布由东向西递减，由中部向东北和南部递增,这与植被的地带性分布梯度基本一致.受气候变化和人类活动的影响,20世纪90年代以来中国陆地生态系统的生态资产呈上升趋势,其最大值的空间分布也明显向南移动,总体变化率在20%左右，但生态资产与GDP的比值则显著下降.

Measurement and dynamic analysis of ecological capital of terrestrial ecosystem in China

Based on remote sensing and ecological principles, an estimation model of ecological capital was established in this paper. The estimation showed that the ecological capital of terrestrial ecosystem in China was 8.148, 10.86 and 12.44 trillion yuan (RMB) in 1992, 1995 and 2000, respectively. Forest had the highest value (24 673 yuan x hm(-2)), and followed by wetland (21 353 yuan x hm(-2)), both of which gave the most contribution to the ecological capital. According to its spatial distribution, the ecological capital of terrestrial ecosystem in China descended from east to west, and ascended from middle to northeast and south of this country, which was accordant with the vegetation distribution. Owing to the climate change and human activity, the ecological capital of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem ascended from 1992 to 2000, and the spatial distribution of its largest value moved obviously from north to south, with a total change rate of about 20%. However, the ratio between ecological capital and GDP descended significantly in the 1990s.