科尔沁沙地东部地区早稻品种引种及其生物学特性

开发节水的稻作农业是确保我国粮食安全的一个非常重要的战略问题．本文报导了科尔沁沙地东部地区6个旱稻品种的引种试验结果．田间引种试验表明，灌溉用水减少60％的情况下，西旱95—13和西旱95—13—6分别比对照增产10．2％和5．5％；其它4个旱稻品种产量减少6．7％～18．6％．从经济效益考虑，除吉品121外，其它5个旱稻品种的经济收入比对照都有增加，增收最大的两个品种西旱95—13和西旱95—13—6达到24．0％和19．3％．种植旱稻的水分生产力达到0．566kg·m^-3以上，比种植水稻提高了59．89％～116．38％．盆栽试验表明，含水量12．1％～16．3％土壤环境有利于旱稻生长，7月18日以前分蘖为有效分蘖．可以认为，在科尔沁沙地东部推广旱稻种植具有广阔的前景，可以逐步替代传统的水稻栽植模式，节省大量地下水资源．

Introduction of upland rice cultivars to eastern Keerqin sandy land and their biological characteristics

Developing water-saving rice cultivation is one important strategy for food security in China. This paper reported the experimental results of introducing six upland rice cultivars to eastern Keerqin sandy land. The field experiment results showed that under the condition of 60% water-saving, the yield of cultivars XH 95-13 and XH 95-13-6 was 10.2% and 5.5% higher than the control, respectively, while other four cultivars decreased by 6.7%-18.6%. Economically, all the cultivars except JP 121 had a higher income than the control, and the profitability of cultivars XH 95-13 and XH 95-13-6 reached 24.0% and 19.3%, respectively. The water productivity of all the six cultivars was over 0.566 kg x m(-3), increased by 59.89%-116.38%. Pot experiment showed that 12.1%-16.3% of soil moisture in 0-15 cm layer was beneficial to the growth of upland rice. In eastern Keerqin sandy land, effective tillers occurred before July 18. In brief, upland rice production could be extensively applicable in eastern Keerqin sandy land to gradually alternate the traditional lowland rice cultivation with continuous flooding, and save much underground water.