不同沟灌方式棉花的水氮耦合效应

研究了交替隔沟灌溉（AFI）、常规沟灌（CFI）、固定隔沟灌溉（FFI)下棉花的水氮耦合效应，施氮量和灌水量采用二次通用旋转组合设计，进行大田小区沟灌试验.结果表明：在施氮量56.2～95.2 kg N·hm^-2范围内，棉花产量与施氮量呈显著正相关，在施氮量95.2～134.2 kg N·hm^-2范围内变化不明显；在灌水量37.52～160.00 mm范围内，棉花产量与灌水量呈显著正相关，在灌水量160.00～218.48 mm范围内变化不明显；不同施氮量和灌水量情况下，AFI与CFI的产量差异不显著，CFI平均比FFI高9.15%.在56.2～122.8 kg N·hm^-2范围内，棉花水分利用效率(WUE)与施氮量呈显著正相关，在122.8～134.2 kg N·hm^-2范围内变化不明显；在灌水量37.52～160.00 mm范围内，棉花WUE与灌水量呈显著负相关，在灌水量160.00～218.48 mm范围内，棉花WUE无明显变化；不同施氮量和灌水量情况下，CFI与AFI的WUE差异不显著，CFI平均比FFI高9.01%.施氮量56.2～134.2 kg N·hm^-2范围内，棉花氮素利用效率(NUE)与施氮量呈显著负相关；在灌水量37.52～160.00 mm范围内，棉花NUE与灌水量呈显著正相关，在160.00～218.48 mm范围内变化明显；不同施氮量和灌水量情况下，AFI与CFI的NUE差异不显著，FFI则平均比CFI低6.34%.根据大田沟灌棉花的水氮耦合效应，以棉花产量、WUE、NUE的优化管理为目标，提出了不同沟灌方式水氮高效利用策略.

Coupling effect of water and nitrogen for cotton under different furrow irrigation patterns.

A field plot experiment with general rotation design was conducted to study the coupling effect of water amount and nitrogen (N) application rate for cotton under alternative furrow irrigation (AFI), conventional furrow irrigation (CFI), and fixed separate furrow irrigation (FFI). When the water amount was 37 52〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗16000 mm and N application rate was 562〖KG-*2〗-〖KG -*7〗952 kg N·hm-2, cotton yield had significant positive correlations with them; when the two factors were in the ranges of 16000〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗21848 mm and 952〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-* 7〗1342 kg N·hm-2, respe ctively, no significant change was observed in the cotton yield. Within the test ranges of water amount and N application rate, cotton yield had no significant difference between AFI and CFI, but was 915% higher under CFI than under FFI. The water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton was significantly negatively correl ated with the water amount 3752〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗16000 mm and positively co rrelated with the N application rate 562〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗1228 kg N·hm-2, but had no s ignificant change when the water amount was 16000〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗21848 mm and N application rate was 1228〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗1 342 kg N·hm-2. Within the test ranges of water amount and N application rate, the WUE had no significant difference between CFI and AFI, but was 901% higher under CFI than under FFI. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of cot ton had significant positive correlation with the water amount 3752〖KG-*2〗- 〖KG-*7〗16000 mm but significant negative correlation with the N application rate 562〖KG-*2〗 -〖KG-*7〗1342 k g N·hm-2, and had no significant difference between AFI and CFI but was 6 34% was lower under FFI than under CFI. Appropriate measures for high-efficie ntly using water and nitrogen resources under different furrow irrigation patter ns were put forward to optimize cotton yield, WUE and NUE.