施氮量和种植密度对东北特早熟棉区棉花生物量和氮素累积的影响

以辽棉19号和美棉33B为材料,于2008年在东北特早熟棉区设置不同的棉花种植密度(每公顷75000、97500、120000株)和施氮量(0、240、480 kg·hm-2),研究了施氮量和种植密度对东北特早熟棉区棉花生物量、氮素累积特征和氮素累积利用率的影响.结果表明:两个品种的棉花生物量和氮素累积量随棉花生育进程的动态变化均符合Logistic模型;种植密度和施氮量显著影响棉花氮素累积动态特征以及棉花产量和品质;氮素的快速累积起始日较生物量早13 d左右.在种植密度为每公顷97500株、240 kg·hm-2施氮量处理下,两个品种棉花的生物量和氮素动态累积模型的特征参数最为协调,皮棉产量最高,纤维品质最优,氮素利用效率最高.在东北特早熟棉区,较早的生物量和氮素快速累积及较高的累积速率有利于棉花较高产量的形成.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization rate and planting density on cotton biomass and nitrogen accumulation in extremely early mature cotton region of Northeast China

Taking two cotton cultivars Liaomian 19 and NuCOTN 33B with different growth periods as test materials, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 240 and 480 kg N x hm(-2)) and different planting densities (75000, 97500 and 120000 plants x hm(-2)) on the cotton biomass, nitrogen accumulation, and accumulative nitrogen utilization in the planting region of extremely early mature cotton in Northeast China. The dynamics of cotton biomass and nitrogen accumulation of the two cultivars with their growth process followed Logistic model. Both nitrogen fertilization rate and planting density had significant effects on the cotton nitrogen accumulation dynamics and the cotton yield and quality. In all treatments, the beginning time of rapid accumulation of nitrogen was about 13 d earlier than that of biomass. In treatment plant density 97500 plants x hm(-2) and nitrogen fertilization rate 240 kg x hm(-2), the eigenvalues of the dynamic accumulation models of nitrogen and biomass for the two cultivars were most harmonious, lint yield was the highest, fiber quality was the best, and accumulative nitrogen utilization efficiency was the highest. In the study region, the earlier beginning time of rapid accumulation of nitrogen and biomass and their higher accumulation rates were benefit to the formation of higher cotton yield.