植物吸收利用有机氮营养研究进展

植物矿质营养学问世以后,人们一直认为无机氮是植物吸收氮素的主要形态.随着研究手段的改进和研究内容的不断深入,现已证实许多没有菌根的维管植物都可以直接吸收可溶性有机氮,特别是小分子的氨基酸.由此引起了人们对植物有机营养、植物营养方式多样化问题的重视.研究表明：氨基酸可以通过多种方式释放到土壤溶液中,土壤中的氨基酸主要来源于微生物、动植物及其代谢产物等.土壤氨基酸含量受土壤温湿度、所施的有机肥料、生长的植物种类及其生长发育时期的影响.植物对氨基酸的吸收是一个主动吸收过程,受载体调节,并与能量状况有关,同时受介质中pH和温度的影响.但是有关植物吸收氨基酸的机理及其生态过程还需进行深入的研究.

Research advances in organic nitrogen acquisition by plants.

Since the establishment of plant mineral nutriology, it has been well believed that plants mainly absorb inorganic nitrogen. With the improvement of research means and contents, it was approved that some vascular plants with no mycorrihiza could absorb soluble organic nitrogen, especially small molecular amino acids, which aroused the attentions on plant organic nutrition and its diverse modes. Relative researches suggested that amino acids could be released into soil by various means, while microbes, plants, animals, and their metabolites were the main sources. The contents of amino acids in soil were affected by soil temperature, moisture, applied organic fertilizer, plant species, and their growth stages. The uptake of amino acids by plants was an active process regulated by the carriers, energy status, and media pH and temperature. The mechanisms of amino acid uptake by plants and the related ecological processes are needed to be studied further.