科尔沁沙地不同造林类型对土壤动物多样性的影响

为深入认识流沙生境中种植人工林对土壤动物多样性的影响,选择科尔沁流动沙地及其周围灌木林和乔木林地(生长年龄均为30年左右)为研究样地,对土壤动物群落与土壤环境进行调查,分析了土壤动物群落结构对流动沙地种植人工林的响应及影响因素.结果表明:流动沙地种植人工林对土壤性状产生显著影响,尤其是灌木林覆盖流动沙地显著改善了土壤环境,增加了土壤水分,提高了土壤营养条件.在3种林地中共捕获土壤动物485只、11个类群.优势类群为蜱螨目和弹尾目,常见类群为啮目,其他8个类群为稀有类群.从流动沙地到灌木林地和乔木林地,土壤动物密度减少,类群数和Shannon指数增加,而均匀度指数下降.但土壤动物密度、类群数、Shannon指数和均匀度指数在3种样地间均无显著性差异.土壤电导率是影响土壤动物类群数分布的重要因素.在科尔沁沙地,流动沙地种植人工林能够改善土壤环境和影响土壤动物多样性,但以30年的人工林研究其对流动沙地土壤动物群落的影响存在局限性.

Effects of different afforestation types on soil faunal diversity in Horqin Sand Land

In order to deeply understand the effects of afforestation on the soil faunal diversity in mobile sand land, an investigation was conducted on the community structure of soil animals in the mobile sand land and its adjacent about 30 years old forest land and shrub land in Hrqin Sand Land. Afforestation on the mobile sand land had remarkable effects on the soil properties, especially the soil environment in shrub land, in which, the soil water content, pH, and nutrient contents were improved. In the three lands investigated, a total of 485 individuals belonging to 11 soil animal groups were collected, among which, Acarina and Collembola were the dominant groups, Corrodentia was the common group, and the others were of rare groups. From the mobile sand land to shrub land to forest land, the soil faunal density decreased, group richness and Shannon index increased, and evenness declined, but no significant differences were observed in these indices among these three lands. It was suggested that afforestation on mobile sand land could improve the soil environment and enhance soil faunal diversity, but there was a limitation to take 30 years old plantations as test objects to investigate the effects of afforestation on soil faunal diversity in mobile sand land.