新疆阜康荒漠绿洲景观格局动态及其影响因子分析

阜康荒漠绿洲土地利用景观格局受自然分异和水土资源开发利用程度的制约，通过划分景观样带和选取景观空间格局指标，重点揭示了该区域景观格局的变化及其影响因子．结果表明，1987～1998年间阜康土地利用景观格局变化主要表现为耕地面积在洪积扇上增加，在冲积平原上下降；荒地则刚好相反，林地面积在低山丘陵带和洪积扇带下降，在冲积平原上没有变化．牧草地面积在低山丘陵带上升，其它各带均下降城镇面积在各样带上都有所增加，水域各带基本不变．低山丘陵带和洪积扇带景观多样性和均匀度下降，优势度上升；而冲积平原则多样性和均匀度上升，优势度下降，景观破碎度有增加的趋势，表明了人为影响的不断增强，阜康荒漠绿洲景观格局的变化，集中体现在位于洪积扇与冲积平原的耕地和荒地面积变动上，关键影响因子是水土资源利用下的水盐动态变化，地形和土地利用是影响地下水位变化的关键因素，而地下水位的连续变化又影响了土壤水盐在空间的分布。

Dynamics of ecological landscape pattern and its affecting factors in desert-oasis in Fukang, Xinjiang

The spatial pattern of ecological landscape during land utilization in Fukang is heavily influenced by natural difference and the scale of water and land resource development.Analyses on the spatial pattern based on different zones and indexes showed that from 1987 to 1998,the change of the spatial pattern of ecological landscape during land utilization in Fukang was mainly the increase of plantation area in pluvial fan and the decrease in alluvial plain.The case was on the contrary about badlands.The acreage of woodland decreased in lower mountains,uplands and alluvial plain,but no variety in alluvial plain.The acreage of grassland increased in lower mountains and uplands,while decreased in other fields.The acreage of town increased in each sample field,while that of water area remained uncharged.The landscape diversity and evenness was descending,the dominance was ascending in lower mountains and in pluvial fan,while it was reverse in alluvial plain.Accessorial fragmentation showed the increasing influence of human beings.The change of the spatial pattern of ecological landscape in Fukang focused on the acreage alteration of plantation and badlands in pluvial fan and alluvial plain. The key factor was the dynamic variation of water-salt in water and soil resource utilization.Terrain and land utilization were the key factors affecting water table,and the continuous changes of the water table worked on the spatial distribution of soil water-salt.