喀斯特地区石漠化治理的理论模式探讨

基于恢复生态学的基本原理，提出了石漠化形成与治理的触发模型：生态系统所固有的推动自我发展的能力，称为主导力；使生态演替顶级偏离预定态的干扰因素，称为触发因子；主导力与触发因子相互作用，共同决定了生态演替的终态.石漠化是一系列恶性触发的结果，而石漠化治理，则是通过“人为设计”的生态恢复手段，激发生态系统“自我设计”的功能，从而实现生态恢复的良性触发过程. 以湘西凤凰县喀斯特石漠化生态系统恢复治理为例，对触发模型进行了初步检验. 结果表明，以触发模型为指导的恢复措施明显改善了土壤的理化性质，显著提高了植被覆盖率与植物多样性，与当地石漠化生态系统形成了良性触发，初步验证了触发模型的科学性.

Theoretical model for rocky desertification control in Karst area

Based on the basic principles of restoration ecology,the trigger-action model for rocky desertification control was proposed,i.e.,the ability that an ecosystem enables itself to develop was called dominant force,and the interfering factor resulting in the deviation of the climax of ecological succession from its preconcerted status was called trigger factor.The ultimate status of ecological succession was determined by the interaction of dominant force and trigger factor.Rocky desertification was the result of serious malignant triggers,and its control was the process of benign triggers in using the ecological restoration method of artificial designs to activate the natural designing ability of an ecosystem.The ecosystem of Karst rocky desertification in Fenghuang County with restoration measures was taken as a case to test the model,and the results showed that the restoration measures based on trigger-action model markedly improved the physical and chemical properties of soil and increased the diversity of plant.There was a benign trigger between the restoration measures and the Karst area.The rationality of the trigger-action model was primarily tested by the results in practice.