水稻物质生产与氮、磷、钾、硅素积累特点及其相互关系

大田条件下研究了30个水稻基因型的干物质与N、P、K、Si积累特性及其相互关系．结果表明，水稻干物质积累总量随N、P、K和Si积累总量的增加呈直线增加，其相关系数早季和晚季均达极显著水平．同时，N、P、K、Si积累的平衡有利于干物质积累，干物质积累量随NBI(养分平衡指数)直线增加，随NDI(养分偏离指数)直线下降．30个水稻品种平均N、P、K、Si积累总量比值早季为3．76：1：4．55：7．10，晚季为2．88：1：4．54：8．09．干物质积累能力以中期最强，前期最弱，而N积累能力却以前期最强，后期最弱．水稻抽穗前积累的干物质主要分配在茎鞘中，当抽穗期茎鞘比率达到最大时，茎鞘重约为叶片重的2倍，而抽穗前积累的N主要分配在叶片中，叶片中N的分配比率全生育期均比干物质分配比率高．成熟期积累的干物质、N和P主要分配在穗部，早、晚季稻的平均分配比率分别为58．01％、66．42％和70．06％，而K主要分配在茎鞘中，早、晚季稻的平均分配比率为62．08％．早季Si在茎中的分配比率(43．11％)最大，而晚季却以穗中的分配比率(46．99％)最大．

Accumulation pattern of dry matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and silicon in rice genotypes and their relationships

The accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon in 30 rice genotypes and their relationships under field condition were studied. The results showed that dry matter accumulated at ripening stage linearly increased with increase of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon accumulation with highly significant correlation coefficients at both early and late season. At the same time balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon accumulation was beneficial for dry matter accumulation, which linearly increased with increase of nutrient balance index and decreased with increase of nutrient deviation index. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon were accumulated at the rate of 3.76:1:4.55:7.10 at early season and 2.88:1:4.54:8.09 at late season. During growth period, dry matter accumulation was the highest at middle stage, then late stage and early stage. But nitrogen accumulation was the highest at early stage, then middle stage and late stage. The dry matter accumulated before heading was mainly distributed in stem and leaf sheath, with the highest ratio of stem and leaf sheath to total dry matter at heading stage. In contrast, nitrogen accumulated before heading was mainly distributed in leaf blade, and the ratio of nitrogen in leaf blade to total nitrogen was higher than that of dry matter at either growth stages. Dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus accumulated at ripening stage were mainly distributed in panicle with rates of 58.01%, 66.42% and 70.06%, respectively. But potassium accumulated at ripening stage was mainly distributed in stem and leaf sheath with the rate of 62.08%. Silicon was largely distributed in stem and leaf sheath at early season with the rate of 43.11%, but distributed largely in panicle at late season with the rate of 46.99%.